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Annual Review of Biochemistry

Volume 84, 2015

Gating Mechanisms of Voltage-Gated Proton Channels

Abstract

Hv1 is a voltage-gated proton-selective channel that plays critical parts in host defense, sperm motility, and cancer progression. Hv1 contains a conserved voltage-sensor domain (VSD) that is shared by a large family of voltage-gated ion channels, but it lacks a pore domain. Voltage sensitivity and proton conductivity are conferred by a unitary VSD that consists of four transmembrane helices. The architecture of Hv1 differs from that of cation channels that form a pore in the center among multiple subunits (as in most cation channels) or homologous repeats (as in voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels). Hv1 forms a dimer in which a cytoplasmic coiled coil underpins the two protomers and forms a single, long helix that is contiguous with S4, the transmembrane voltage-sensing segment. The closed-state structure of Hv1 was recently solved using X-ray crystallography. In this article, we discuss the gating mechanism of Hv1 and focus on cooperativity within dimers and their sensitivity to metal ions.

Keyword(s): arginine residue, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, salt bridge, zinc binding
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2015-06-02
2024-05-01
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Gating Mechanisms of Voltage-Gated Proton Channels
Annual Review of Biochemistry 84, 685 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034307
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034307
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