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Annual Review of Microbiology

Volume 68, 2014

The Peculiarities and Paradoxes of Heme Metabolism

Abstract

For over a century, heme metabolism has been recognized to play a central role during intraerythrocytic infection by parasites, the causative agent of malaria. Parasites liberate vast quantities of potentially cytotoxic heme as a by-product of hemoglobin catabolism within the digestive vacuole, where heme is predominantly sequestered as inert crystalline hemozoin. spp. also utilize heme as a metabolic cofactor. Despite access to abundant host-derived heme, parasites paradoxically maintain a biosynthetic pathway. This pathway has been assumed to produce the heme incorporated into mitochondrial cytochromes that support electron transport. In this review, we assess our current understanding of the love-hate relationship between parasites and heme, we discuss recent studies that clarify several long-standing riddles about heme production and utilization by parasites, and we consider remaining challenges and opportunities for understanding and targeting heme metabolism within parasites.

Keyword(s): biosynthesis, hemozoin, malaria, porphyrins, trafficking

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The Peculiarities and Paradoxes of Plasmodium Heme Metabolism
Annual Review of Microbiology 68, 259 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103537
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103537
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103537
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  • Supplemental Video 1: In their native environment within live parasites, hemozoin crystals are frequently observed to be dynamically moving within the digestive vacuole.

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  • Article Type: Review Article

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