1932

Abstract

The lesion-deficit model dominates neuropsychology. This is unsurprising given powerful demonstrations that focal brain lesions can affect specific aspects of cognition. Nowhere is this more evident than in patients with bilateral hippocampal damage. In the past 60 years, the amnesia and other impairments exhibited by these patients have helped to delineate the functions of the hippocampus and shape the field of memory. We do not question the value of this approach. However, less prominent are the cognitive processes that remain intact following hippocampal lesions. Here, we collate the piecemeal reports of preservation of function following focal bilateral hippocampal damage, highlighting a wealth of information often veiled by the field's focus on deficits. We consider how a systematic understanding of what is preserved as well as what is lost could add an important layer of precision to models of memory and the hippocampus.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033739
2016-01-04
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/psych/67/1/annurev-psych-122414-033739.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033739&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Aberson C. 2002. Interpreting null results: improving presentation and conclusions with confidence intervals. J. Artic. Support Null Hypothesis 1:36–42 [Google Scholar]
  2. Addis DR, Wong AT, Schacter DL. 2007. Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia 45:1363–77 [Google Scholar]
  3. Aggleton JP, Shaw C. 1996. Amnesia and recognition memory: a re-analysis of psychometric data. Neuropsychologia 34:51–62 [Google Scholar]
  4. Albasser MM, Poirier GL, Warburton EC, Aggleton JP. 2007. Hippocampal lesions halve immediate-early gene protein counts in retrosplenial cortex: distal dysfunctions in a spatial memory system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 26:1254–66 [Google Scholar]
  5. Aly M, Ranganath C, Yonelinas AP. 2013. Detecting changes in scenes: The hippocampus is critical for strength-based perception. Neuron 78:1127–37 [Google Scholar]
  6. Amedi A, Raz N, Pianka P, Malach R, Zohary E. 2003. Early “visual” cortex activation correlates with superior verbal memory performance in the blind. Nat. Neurosci. 6:758–66 [Google Scholar]
  7. Am. Psychol. Assoc 2010. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: Am. Psychol. Assoc.
  8. Andelman F, Hoofien D, Goldberg I, Aizenstein O, Neufeld MY. 2010. Bilateral hippocampal lesion and a selective impairment of the ability for mental time travel. Neurocase 16:426–35 [Google Scholar]
  9. Astur RS, Taylor LB, Mamelak AN, Philpott L, Sutherland RJ. 2002. Humans with hippocampus damage display severe spatial memory impairments in a virtual Morris water task. Behav. Brain Res. 132:77–84 [Google Scholar]
  10. Augustinack JC, van der Kouwe AJW, Salat DH, Benner T, Stevens AA. et al. 2014. H.M.'s contributions to neuroscience: a review and autopsy studies. Hippocampus 24:1267–86 [Google Scholar]
  11. Bach DR, Guitart-Masip M, Packard PA, Miró J, Falip M. et al. 2014. Human hippocampus arbitrates approach-avoidance conflict. Curr. Biol. 24:541–47 [Google Scholar]
  12. Barense MD, Gaffan D, Graham KS. 2007. The human medial temporal lobe processes online representations of complex objects. Neuropsychologia 45:2963–74 [Google Scholar]
  13. Barense MD, Henson RNA, Lee ACH, Graham KS. 2010. Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: effects of viewpoint. Hippocampus 20:389–401 [Google Scholar]
  14. Bartlett FC. 1932. Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  15. Bayley PJ, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2003. Successful recollection of remote autobiographical memories by amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe lesions. Neuron 38:135–44 [Google Scholar]
  16. Beadle JN, Tranel D, Cohen NJ, Duff MC. 2013. Empathy in hippocampal amnesia. Front. Psychol. 4:69 [Google Scholar]
  17. Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Adolphs R, Rockland C, Damasio A. 1995. Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science 269:1115–18 [Google Scholar]
  18. Binder J, Westbury C, McKiernan K, Possing E, Medler D. 2005. Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17:905–17 [Google Scholar]
  19. Bird CM, Bisby JA, Burgess N. 2012. The hippocampus and spatial constraints on mental imagery. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6:142 [Google Scholar]
  20. Bird CM, Burgess N. 2008. The hippocampus supports recognition memory for familiar words but not unfamiliar faces. Curr. Biol. 18:1932–36 [Google Scholar]
  21. Bonnici HM, Chadwick MJ, Lutti A, Hassabis D, Weiskopf N, Maguire EA. 2012. Detecting representations of recent and remote autobiographical memories in vmPFC and hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 32:16982–91 [Google Scholar]
  22. Bonnici HM, Chadwick MJ, Maguire EA. 2013. Representations of recent and remote autobiographical memories in hippocampal subfields. Hippocampus 23:849–54 [Google Scholar]
  23. Brown MW, Aggleton JP. 2001. Recognition memory: What are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2:51–61 [Google Scholar]
  24. Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Adolphs R. 2005. Emotional autobiographical memories in amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe damage. J. Neurosci. 25:3151–60 [Google Scholar]
  25. Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Kirschbaum C. 2009. Hippocampal damage abolishes the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in humans. Horm. Behav. 56:44–50 [Google Scholar]
  26. Buzsaki G, Moser EI. 2013. Memory, navigation and theta rhythm in the hippocampal-entorhinal system. Nat. Neurosci. 16:130–38 [Google Scholar]
  27. Campo P, Garrido MI, Moran RJ, Maestú F, García-Morales I. et al. 2012. Remote effects of hippocampal sclerosis on effective connectivity during working memory encoding: a case of connectional diaschisis?. Cereb. Cortex 22:1225–36 [Google Scholar]
  28. Carey S, Bartlett E. 1978. Acquiring a single new word. Proc. Stanf. Child Lang. Conf. 15:17–29 [Google Scholar]
  29. Cashdollar N, Malecki U, Rugg-Gunn FJ, Duncan JS, Lavie N, Duzel E. 2009. Hippocampus-dependent and -independent theta-networks of active maintenance. PNAS 106:20493–98 [Google Scholar]
  30. Cavaco S, Anderson SW, Allen JS, Castro-Caldas A, Damasio H. 2004. The scope of preserved procedural memory in amnesia. Brain 127:1853–67 [Google Scholar]
  31. Chadwick MJ, Bonnici HM, Maguire EA. 2012. Decoding information in the human hippocampus: a user's guide. Neuropsychologia 50:3107–21 [Google Scholar]
  32. Chadwick MJ, Mullally SL, Maguire EA. 2013. The hippocampus extrapolates beyond the view in scenes: an fMRI study of boundary extension. Cortex 49:2067–79 [Google Scholar]
  33. Chun MM, Phelps EA. 1999. Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage. Nat. Neurosci. 2:844–47 [Google Scholar]
  34. Cipolotti L, Bird C, Good T, Macmanus D, Rudge P, Shallice T. 2006. Recollection and familiarity in dense hippocampal amnesia: a case study. Neuropsychologia 44:489–506 [Google Scholar]
  35. Cipolotti L, Shallice T, Chan D, Fox N, Scahill R. et al. 2001. Long-term retrograde amnesia … the crucial role of the hippocampus. Neuropsychologia 39:151–72 [Google Scholar]
  36. Cohen NJ. 1984. Preserved learning capacity in amnesia: evidence for multiple memory systems. Neuropsychology of Memory LR Squire, N Butters 83–103 New York: Guilford [Google Scholar]
  37. Cohen NJ, Eichenbaum H. 1993. Memory, Amnesia and the Hippocampal System Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  38. Conway MA, Pleydell-Pearce CW. 2000. The construction of autobiographical memories in the self- memory system. Psychol. Rev. 107:261–88 [Google Scholar]
  39. Cooper JM, Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG, Maguire EA. 2011. The effect of hippocampal damage in children on recalling the past and imagining new experiences. Neuropsychologia 49:1843–50 [Google Scholar]
  40. Corkin S. 1965. Tactually-guided maze learning in man: Effects of unilateral cortical excisions and bilateral hippocampal lesions. Neuropsychologia 3:339–51 [Google Scholar]
  41. Corkin S. 1968. Acquisition of motor skill after bilateral medial temporal-lobe excision. Neuropsychologia 6:255–65 [Google Scholar]
  42. Craver CF, Cova F, Green L, Myerson J, Rosenbaum RS. et al. 2014a. An Allais paradox without mental time travel. Hippocampus 24:1375–80 [Google Scholar]
  43. Craver CF, Kwan D, Steindam C, Rosenbaum RS. 2014b. Individuals with episodic amnesia are not stuck in time. Neuropsychologia 57:191–95 [Google Scholar]
  44. de Vito S, Della Sala S. 2011. Predicting the future. Cortex 47:1018–22 [Google Scholar]
  45. Duff MC, Hengst J, Tranel D, Cohen NJ. 2006. Development of shared information in communication despite hippocampal amnesia. Nat. Neurosci. 9:140–46 [Google Scholar]
  46. Dunn JC, Kirsner K. 2003. What can we infer from double dissociations?. Cortex 39:1–7 [Google Scholar]
  47. Dunstan EJ, Winer JB. 2006. Autoimmune limbic encephalitis causing fits, rapidly progressive confusion and hyponatraemia. Age Ageing 35:536–37 [Google Scholar]
  48. Eichenbaum H. 2004. Hippocampus: cognitive processes and neural representations that underlie declarative memory. Neuron 44:109–20 [Google Scholar]
  49. Eichenbaum H. 2014. Time cells in the hippocampus: a new dimension for mapping memories. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15:732–44 [Google Scholar]
  50. Eichenbaum H, Cohen NJ. 2014. Can we reconcile the declarative memory and spatial navigation views on hippocampal function?. Neuron 83:764–70 [Google Scholar]
  51. Eichenbaum H, Yonelinas AR, Ranganath C. 2007. The medial temporal lobe and recognition memory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30:123–52 [Google Scholar]
  52. Ekstrom AD, Kahana MJ, Caplan JB, Fields TA, Isham EA. et al. 2003. Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation. Nature 425:184–88 [Google Scholar]
  53. Elfman KW, Aly M, Yonelinas AP. 2014. Neurocomputational account of memory and perception: thresholded and graded signals in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 24:1672–86 [Google Scholar]
  54. Fanselow MS, Dong H-W. 2010. Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures?. Neuron 65:7–19 [Google Scholar]
  55. Feinstein JS, Duff MC, Tranel D. 2010. Sustained experience of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia. PNAS 107:7674–79 [Google Scholar]
  56. Felleman DJ, Van Essen DC. 1991. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 1:1–47 [Google Scholar]
  57. Ferguson CJ, Heene M. 2012. A vast graveyard of undead theories: publication bias and psychological science's aversion to the null. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 7:555–61 [Google Scholar]
  58. Gabrieli JDE, McGlinchey-Berroth R, Carrillo MC, Gluck MA, Cermak LS, Disterhoft JF. 1995. Intact delay-eyeblink classical conditioning in amnesia. Behav. Neurosci. 109:819–27 [Google Scholar]
  59. Gadian DG, Aicardi J, Watkins KE, Porter DA, Mishkin M, Vargha-Khadem F. 2000. Developmental amnesia associated with early hypoxic–ischaemic injury. Brain 123:499–507 [Google Scholar]
  60. Gaesser B, Schacter DL. 2014. Episodic simulation and episodic memory can increase intentions to help others. PNAS 111:4415–20 [Google Scholar]
  61. Gagnon S, Foster J, Turcotte J, Jongenelis S. 2004. Involvement of the hippocampus in implicit learning of supra-span sequences: the case of SJ. Cogn. Neuropsychol. 21:867–82 [Google Scholar]
  62. Gardiner J, Parkin A. 1990. Attention and recollective experience in recognition memory. Mem. Cogn. 18:579–83 [Google Scholar]
  63. Gilboa A, Winocur G, Grady CL, Hevenor SJ, Moscovitch M. 2004. Remembering our past: functional neuroanatomy of recollection of recent and very remote personal events. Cereb. Cortex 14:1214–25 [Google Scholar]
  64. Gold JJ, Smith CN, Bayley PJ, Shrager Y, Brewer JB. et al. 2006. Item memory, source memory, and the medial temporal lobe: concordant findings from fMRI and memory-impaired patients. PNAS 103:9351–56 [Google Scholar]
  65. Gold JJ, Squire LR. 2005. Quantifying medial temporal lobe damage in memory-impaired patients. Hippocampus 15:79–85 [Google Scholar]
  66. Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Hopkins RO. 2009. Word memory test performance in amnesic patients with hippocampal damage. Neuropsychology 23:529–34 [Google Scholar]
  67. Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Livingstone SA, Skelton RW, Hopkins RO. 2010. Spatial deficits in a virtual water maze in amnesic participants with hippocampal damage. Hippocampus 20:481–91 [Google Scholar]
  68. Gottesman CV, Intraub H. 2002. Surface construal and the mental representation of scenes. J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform. 28:589–99 [Google Scholar]
  69. Graham KS, Scahill VL, Hornberger M, Barense MD, Lee ACH. et al. 2006. Abnormal categorization and perceptual learning in patients with hippocampal damage. J. Neurosci. 26:7547–54 [Google Scholar]
  70. Gratton C, Nomura EM, Pérez F, D'Esposito M. 2012. Focal brain lesions to critical locations cause widespread disruption of the modular organization of the brain. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 24:1275–85 [Google Scholar]
  71. Gray J, McNaughton N. 2003. The Neuropsychology of Anxiety Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
  72. Hannula DE, Tranel D, Allen JS, Kirchhoff BA, Nickel AE, Cohen NJ. 2015. Memory for items and relationships among items embedded in realistic scenes: disproportionate relational memory impairments in amnesia. Neuropsychology 29:126–38 [Google Scholar]
  73. Hannula DE, Tranel D, Cohen NJ. 2006. The long and the short of it: relational memory impairments in amnesia, even at short lags. J. Neurosci. 26:8352–59 [Google Scholar]
  74. Hartley T, Bird CM, Chan D, Cipolotti L, Husain M. et al. 2007. The hippocampus is required for short-term topographical memory in humans. Hippocampus 17:34–48 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hassabis D, Kumaran D, Maguire EA. 2007a. Using imagination to understand the neural basis of episodic memory. J. Neurosci. 27:14365–74 [Google Scholar]
  76. Hassabis D, Kumaran D, Vann SD, Maguire EA. 2007b. Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences. PNAS 104:1726–31 [Google Scholar]
  77. Hassabis D, Maguire EA. 2007. Deconstructing episodic memory with construction. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11:299–306 [Google Scholar]
  78. Hassabis D, Maguire EA. 2009. The construction system of the brain. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 364:1263–71 [Google Scholar]
  79. Hayes SM, Salat DH, Verfaellie M. 2012. Default network connectivity in medial temporal lobe amnesia. J. Neurosci. 32:14622–29 [Google Scholar]
  80. Holdstock JS, Mayes AR, Cezayirli E, Isaac CL, Aggleton JP, Roberts N. 2000. A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage. Neuropsychologia 38:410–25 [Google Scholar]
  81. Holdstock JS, Mayes AR, Gong QY, Roberts N, Kapur N. 2005. Item recognition is less impaired than recall and associative recognition in a patient with selective hippocampal damage. Hippocampus 15:203–15 [Google Scholar]
  82. Holdstock JS, Mayes AR, Isaac CL, Gong Q, Roberts N. 2002. Differential involvement of the hippocampus and temporal lobe cortices in rapid and slow learning of new semantic information. Neuropsychologia 40:748–68 [Google Scholar]
  83. Hopkins RO, Myers CE, Shohamy D, Grossman S, Gluck M. 2004. Impaired probabilistic category learning in hypoxic subjects with hippocampal damage. Neuropsychologia 42:524–35 [Google Scholar]
  84. Hubbard TL, Hutchison JL, Courtney JR. 2010. Boundary extension: findings and theories. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 63:1467–94 [Google Scholar]
  85. Hurley NC, Maguire EA, Vargha-Khadem F. 2011. Patient HC with developmental amnesia can construct future scenarios. Neuropsychologia 49:3620–28 [Google Scholar]
  86. Intraub H, Richardson M. 1989. Wide-angle memories of close-up scenes. J. Exp. Psychol.: Learn. Mem. Cogn. 15:179–87 [Google Scholar]
  87. Jenkins TA, Vann SD, Amin E, Aggleton JP. 2004. Anterior thalamic lesions stop immediate early gene activation in selective laminae of the retrosplenial cortex: evidence of covert pathology in rats?. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19:3291–304 [Google Scholar]
  88. Jones MK. 1974. Imagery as a mnemonic aid after left temporal lobectomy: contrast between material-specific and generalized memory disorders. Neuropsychologia 12:21–30 [Google Scholar]
  89. Jones-Gotman M. 1979. Incidental learning of image-mediated or pronounced words after right temporal lobectomy. Cortex 15:187–97 [Google Scholar]
  90. Jones-Gotman M, Milner B. 1978. Right temporal-lobe contribution to image-mediated verbal learning. Neuropsychologia 16:61–71 [Google Scholar]
  91. Kapur N. 2011. The Paradoxical Brain Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  92. Kapur N, Brooks DJ. 1999. Temporally-specific retrograde amnesia in two cases of discrete bilateral hippocampal pathology. Hippocampus 9:247–54 [Google Scholar]
  93. Kessels RPC, de Haan EHF, Kappelle LJ, Postma A. 2001. Varieties of human spatial memory: a meta-analysis on the effects of hippocampal lesions. Brain Res. Rev. 35:295–303 [Google Scholar]
  94. Khan NL, Jeffree MA, Good C, Macleod W, Al-Sarraj S. 2009. Histopathology of VGKC antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. Neurology 72:1703–5 [Google Scholar]
  95. Kieras D. 1978. Beyond pictures and words: alternative information-processing models for imagery effect in verbal memory. Psychol. Bull. 85:532–54 [Google Scholar]
  96. Kim S, Dede AJO, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2015. Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus. PNAS 112:4767–72 [Google Scholar]
  97. Kim S, Jeneson A, van der Horst AS, Frascino JC, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2011. Memory, visual discrimination performance, and the human hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 31:2624–29 [Google Scholar]
  98. Kirwan CB, Bayley PJ, Galván VV, Squire LR. 2008. Detailed recollection of remote autobiographical memory after damage to the medial temporal lobe. PNAS 105:2676–80 [Google Scholar]
  99. Kirwan CB, Wixted JT, Squire LR. 2010. A demonstration that the hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity. PNAS 107:344–48 [Google Scholar]
  100. Klein SB, Loftus J, Kihlstrom JF. 2002. Memory and temporal experience: the effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient's ability to remember the past and imagine the future. Soc. Cogn. 20:353–79 [Google Scholar]
  101. Knowlton BJ, Mangels JA, Squire LR. 1996. A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science 273:1399–402 [Google Scholar]
  102. Knowlton BJ, Squire LR, Gluck MA. 1994. Probabilistic classification learning in amnesia. Learn Mem. 1:106–20 [Google Scholar]
  103. Knutson AR, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2012. Visual discrimination performance, memory, and medial temporal lobe function. PNAS 109:13106–11 [Google Scholar]
  104. Konkel A, Cohen NJ. 2009. Relational memory and the hippocampus: representations and methods. Front. Neurosci. 3:166–74 [Google Scholar]
  105. Konkel A, Warren DE, Duff MC, Tranel D, Cohen NJ. 2008. Hippocampal amnesia impairs all manner of relational memory. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2:15 [Google Scholar]
  106. Kumaran D, Hassabis D, Spiers HJ, Vann SD, Vargha-Khadem F, Maguire EA. 2007. Impaired spatial and non-spatial configural learning in patients with hippocampal pathology. Neuropsychologia 45:2699–711 [Google Scholar]
  107. Kwan D, Craver CF, Green L, Myerson J, Boyer P, Rosenbaum RS. 2012. Future decision-making without episodic mental time travel. Hippocampus 22:1215–19 [Google Scholar]
  108. Lee ACH, Buckley MJ, Pegman SJ, Spiers H, Scahill VL. et al. 2005a. Specialization in the medial temporal lobe for processing of objects and scenes. Hippocampus 15:782–97 [Google Scholar]
  109. Lee ACH, Bussey TJ, Murray EA, Saksida LM, Epstein RA. et al. 2005b. Perceptual deficits in amnesia: challenging the medial temporal lobe “mnemonic” view. Neuropsychologia 43:1–11 [Google Scholar]
  110. Lee ACH, Scahill VL, Graham KS. 2008. Activating the medial temporal lobe during oddity judgment for faces and scenes. Cereb. Cortex 18:683–96 [Google Scholar]
  111. Lee ACH, Yeung L-K, Barense MD. 2012. The hippocampus and visual perception. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6:91 [Google Scholar]
  112. MacDonald CJ, Lepage KQ, Eden UT, Eichenbaum H. 2011. Hippocampal “time cells” bridge the gap in memory for discontiguous events. Neuron 71:737–49 [Google Scholar]
  113. Maguire EA, Burgess N, Donnett JG, Frackowiak RSJ, Frith CD, O'Keefe J. 1998. Knowing where and getting there: a human navigation network. Science 280:921–24 [Google Scholar]
  114. Maguire EA, Frith CD. 2003. Lateral asymmetry in the hippocampal response to the remoteness of autobiographical memories. J. Neurosci. 23:5302–7 [Google Scholar]
  115. Maguire EA, Gadian DG, Johnsrude IS, Good CD, Ashburner J. et al. 2000. Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. PNAS 97:4398–403 [Google Scholar]
  116. Maguire EA, Hassabis D. 2011. Role of the hippocampus in imagination and future thinking. PNAS 108:E39 [Google Scholar]
  117. Maguire EA, Intraub H, Mullally SL. 2015. Scenes, spaces and memory traces: What does the hippocampus do?. Neuroscientist doi: 10.1177/1073858415600389
  118. Maguire EA, Kumaran D, Hassabis D, Kopelman MD. 2010a. Autobiographical memory in semantic dementia: a longitudinal fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 48:123–36 [Google Scholar]
  119. Maguire EA, Mullally SL. 2013. The hippocampus: a manifesto for change. J. Exp. Psychol.: Gen. 142:1180–89 [Google Scholar]
  120. Maguire EA, Nannery R, Spiers HJ. 2006. Navigation around London by a taxi driver with bilateral hippocampal lesions. Brain 129:2894–907 [Google Scholar]
  121. Maguire EA, Vargha-Khadem F, Hassabis D. 2010b. Imagining fictitious and future experiences: evidence from developmental amnesia. Neuropsychologia 48:3187–92 [Google Scholar]
  122. Maguire EA, Vargha-Khadem F, Mishkin M. 2001. The effects of bilateral hippocampal damage on fMRI regional activations and interactions during memory retrieval. Brain 124:1156–70 [Google Scholar]
  123. Manns JR, Squire LR. 2001. Perceptual learning, awareness, and the hippocampus. Hippocampus 11:776–82 [Google Scholar]
  124. Marr D. 1971. Simple memory: a theory for archicortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 262:23–81 [Google Scholar]
  125. Mayes A, Montaldi D, Migo E. 2007. Associative memory and the medial temporal lobes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11:126–35 [Google Scholar]
  126. Mayes AR, Holdstock JS, Isaac CL, Montaldi D, Grigor J. et al. 2004. Associative recognition in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions and relatively normal item recognition. Hippocampus 14:763–84 [Google Scholar]
  127. McHugh SB, Deacon RMJ, Rawlins JNP, Bannerman DM. 2004. Amygdala and ventral hippocampus contribute differentially to mechanisms of fear and anxiety. Behav. Neurosci. 118:63–78 [Google Scholar]
  128. Meeter M, Myers CE, Shohamy D, Hopkins RO, Gluck MA. 2006. Strategies in probabilistic categorization: results from a new way of analyzing performance. Learn. Mem. 13:230–39 [Google Scholar]
  129. Merhav M, Karni A, Gilboa A. 2014. Neocortical catastrophic interference in healthy and amnesic adults: a paradoxical matter of time. Hippocampus 24:1653–62 [Google Scholar]
  130. Milner B. 1965. Visually-guided maze learning in man: effects of bilateral hippocampal, bilateral frontal, and unilateral cerebral lesions. Neuropsychologia 3:317–38 [Google Scholar]
  131. Mishkin M, Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG. 1998. Amnesia and the organization of the hippocampal system. Hippocampus 8:212–16 [Google Scholar]
  132. Moscovitch M, Nadel L, Winocur G, Gilboa A, Rosenbaum RS. 2006. The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16:179–90 [Google Scholar]
  133. Moser M-B, Moser EI. 1998. Functional differentiation in the hippocampus. Hippocampus 8:608–19 [Google Scholar]
  134. Mullally SL, Hassabis D, Maguire EA. 2012a. Scene construction in amnesia: an fMRI study. J. Neurosci. 32:5646–53 [Google Scholar]
  135. Mullally SL, Intraub H, Maguire EA. 2012b. Attenuated boundary extension produces a paradoxical memory advantage in amnesic patients. Curr. Biol. 22:261–68 [Google Scholar]
  136. Mullally SL, Maguire EA. 2014. Counterfactual thinking in patients with amnesia. Hippocampus 24:1261–66 [Google Scholar]
  137. Mullally SL, Vargha-Khadem F, Maguire EA. 2014. Scene construction in developmental amnesia: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 52:1–10 [Google Scholar]
  138. Mundy ME, Downing PE, Graham KS. 2012. Extrastriate cortex and medial temporal lobe regions respond differentially to visual feature overlap within preferred stimulus category. Neuropsychologia 50:3053–61 [Google Scholar]
  139. Nadel L, Moscovitch M. 1997. Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7:217–27 [Google Scholar]
  140. Nyberg L, Kim ASN, Habib R, Levine B, Tulving E. 2010. Consciousness of subjective time in the brain. PNAS 107:22356–59 [Google Scholar]
  141. O'Keefe J, Dostrovsky J. 1971. The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Res. 34:171–75 [Google Scholar]
  142. O'Keefe J, Nadel L. 1978. The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map Oxford, UK: Clarendon
  143. Olson IR, Moore KS, Stark M, Chatterjee A. 2006a. Visual working memory is impaired when the medial temporal lobe is damaged. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 18:1087–97 [Google Scholar]
  144. Olson IR, Page K, Moore KS, Chatterjee A, Verfaellie M. 2006b. Working memory for conjunctions relies on the medial temporal lobe. J. Neurosci. 26:4596–601 [Google Scholar]
  145. Paivio A. 1969. Mental imagery in associative learning and memory. Psychol. Rev. 76:241–63 [Google Scholar]
  146. Park DC, Murman DL, Perry KD, Bruch LA. 2007. An autopsy case of limbic encephalitis with voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies. Eur. J. Neurol. 14:e5–6 [Google Scholar]
  147. Poirier GL, Aggleton JP. 2009. Post-surgical interval and lesion location within the limbic thalamus determine extent of retrosplenial cortex immediate-early gene hypoactivity. Neuroscience 160:452–69 [Google Scholar]
  148. Poppenk J, Evensmoen HR, Moscovitch M, Nadel L. 2013. Long-axis specialization of the human hippocampus. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17:230–40 [Google Scholar]
  149. Price CJ, Friston KJ. 2002. Degeneracy and cognitive anatomy. Trends Cogn. Sci. 6:416–21 [Google Scholar]
  150. Race E, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. 2011. Medial temporal lobe damage causes deficits in episodic memory and episodic future thinking not attributable to deficits in narrative construction. J. Neurosci. 31:10262–69 [Google Scholar]
  151. Race E, Keane MM, Verfaellie M. 2013. Losing sight of the future: impaired semantic prospection following medial temporal lobe lesions. Hippocampus 23:268–77 [Google Scholar]
  152. Ranganath C. 2010. A unified framework for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes and the phenomenology of episodic memory. Hippocampus 20:1263–90 [Google Scholar]
  153. Ranganath C, Blumenfeld RS. 2005. Doubts about double dissociations between short- and long-term memory. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9:374–80 [Google Scholar]
  154. Reber PJ. 2013. The neural basis of implicit learning and memory: a review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research. Neuropsychologia 51:2026–42 [Google Scholar]
  155. Reber PJ, Knowlton BJ, Squire LR. 1996. Dissociable properties of memory systems: differences in the flexibility of declarative and nondeclarative knowledge. Behav. Neurosci. 110:861–71 [Google Scholar]
  156. Reed JM, Squire LR. 1998. Retrograde amnesia for facts and events: findings from four new cases. J. Neurosci. 18:3943–54 [Google Scholar]
  157. Rorden C, Karnath H-O. 2004. Using human brain lesions to infer function: a relic from a past era in the fMRI age?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5:812–19 [Google Scholar]
  158. Rosenbaum RS, Gilboa A, Levine B, Winocur G, Moscovitch M. 2009. Amnesia as an impairment of detail generation and binding: evidence from personal, fictional, and semantic narratives in K.C. Neuropsychologia 47:2181–87 [Google Scholar]
  159. Rosenbaum RS, Gilboa A, Moscovitch M. 2014. Case studies continue to illuminate the cognitive neuroscience of memory. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1316:105–33 [Google Scholar]
  160. Rosenbaum RS, Köhler S, Schacter DL, Moscovitch M, Westmacott R. et al. 2005. The case of K.C.: contributions of a memory-impaired person to memory theory. Neuropsychologia 43:989–1021 [Google Scholar]
  161. Rosenbaum RS, Priselac S, Köhler S, Black SE, Gao F. et al. 2000. Remote spatial memory in an amnesic person with extensive bilateral hippocampal lesions. Nat. Neurosci. 3:1044–48 [Google Scholar]
  162. Rosenbaum RS, Stuss DT, Levine B, Tulving E. 2007. Theory of mind is independent of episodic memory. Science 318:1257 [Google Scholar]
  163. Rosenthal R. 1979. The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychol. Bull. 86:638–41 [Google Scholar]
  164. Rubin RD, Brown-Schmidt S, Duff MC, Tranel D, Cohen NJ. 2011. How do I remember that I know you know that I know?. Psychol. Sci. 22:1574–82 [Google Scholar]
  165. Ryan JD, Althoff RR, Whitlow S, Cohen NJ. 2000. Amnesia is a deficit in relational memory. Psychol. Sci. 11:454–61 [Google Scholar]
  166. Ryan JD, Cohen NJ. 2004. Processing and short-term retention of relational information in amnesia. Neuropsychologia 42:497–511 [Google Scholar]
  167. Ryan L, Nadel L, Keil K, Putnam K, Schnyer D. et al. 2001. Hippocampal complex and retrieval of recent and very remote autobiographical memories: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging in neurologically intact people. Hippocampus 11:707–14 [Google Scholar]
  168. Sanfratello L, Caprihan A, Stephen JM, Knoefel JE, Adair JC. et al. 2014. Same task, different strategies: how brain networks can be influenced by memory strategy. Hum. Brain Mapp. 35:5127–40 [Google Scholar]
  169. Schacter DL, Addis DR. 2007. Constructive memory: the ghosts of past and future. Nature 445:27 [Google Scholar]
  170. Schacter DL, Addis DR. 2009. On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the constructive simulation of future events. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 364:1245–53 [Google Scholar]
  171. Schacter DL, Addis DR, Hassabis D, Martin VC, Spreng RN, Szpunar KK. 2012. The future of memory: remembering, imagining, and the brain. Neuron 76:677–94 [Google Scholar]
  172. Schacter DL, Benoit RG, De Brigard F, Szpunar KK. 2015. Episodic future thinking and episodic counterfactual thinking: intersections between memory and decisions. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 117:14–21 [Google Scholar]
  173. Schacter DL, Chiu CY, Ochsner KN. 1993. Implicit memory: a selective review. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 16:159–82 [Google Scholar]
  174. Schacter DL, Graf P. 1986. Preserved learning in amnesic patients: perspectives from research on direct priming. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 8:727–43 [Google Scholar]
  175. Schacter DL, Norman KA, Koutstaal W. 1998. The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 49:289–318 [Google Scholar]
  176. Scoville WB, Milner B. 1957. Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 20:11–21 [Google Scholar]
  177. Sharon T, Moscovitch M, Gilboa A. 2011. Rapid neocortical acquisition of long-term arbitrary associations independent of the hippocampus. PNAS 108:1146–51 [Google Scholar]
  178. Shohamy D, Myers CE, Hopkins RO, Sage J, Gluck MA. 2008. Distinct hippocampal and basal ganglia contributions to probabilistic learning and reversal. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21:1820–32 [Google Scholar]
  179. Shrager Y, Gold JJ, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2006. Intact visual perception in memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe lesions. J. Neurosci. 26:2235–40 [Google Scholar]
  180. Smith CN, Jeneson A, Frascino JC, Kirwan CB, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2014a. When recognition memory is independent of hippocampal function. PNAS 111:9935–40 [Google Scholar]
  181. Smith CN, Urgolites ZJ, Hopkins RO, Squire LR. 2014b. Comparison of explicit and incidental learning strategies in memory-impaired patients. PNAS 111:475–79 [Google Scholar]
  182. Spiers HJ, Maguire EA. 2006. Thoughts, behaviour, and brain dynamics during navigation in the real world. NeuroImage 31:1826–40 [Google Scholar]
  183. Spiers HJ, Maguire EA. 2007. The neuroscience of remote spatial memory: a tale of two cities. Neuroscience 149:7–27 [Google Scholar]
  184. Spiers HJ, Maguire EA, Burgess N. 2001. Hippocampal amnesia. Neurocase 7:357–82 [Google Scholar]
  185. Squire LR. 1992. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychol. Rev. 99:195–231 [Google Scholar]
  186. Squire LR, van der Horst AS, McDuff SGR, Frascino JC, Hopkins RO, Mauldin KN. 2010. Role of the hippocampus in remembering the past and imagining the future. PNAS 107:19044–48 [Google Scholar]
  187. Squire LR, Wixted JT. 2011. The cognitive neuroscience of human memory since H.M. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 34:259–88 [Google Scholar]
  188. Squire LR, Zola SM. 1998. Episodic memory, semantic memory, and amnesia. Hippocampus 8:205–11 [Google Scholar]
  189. Squire LR, Zola-Morgan S. 1991. The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science 253:1380–86 [Google Scholar]
  190. Strange BA, Witter MP, Lein ES, Moser EI. 2014. Functional organization of the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15:655–69 [Google Scholar]
  191. Taylor KJ, Henson RNA, Graham KS. 2007. Recognition memory for faces and scenes in amnesia: dissociable roles of medial temporal lobe structures. Neuropsychologia 45:2428–38 [Google Scholar]
  192. Teng E, Squire LR. 1999. Memory for places learned long ago is intact after hippocampal damage. Nature 400:675–77 [Google Scholar]
  193. Teyler TJ, DiScenna P. 1985. The role of hippocampus in memory: a hypothesis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 9:377–89 [Google Scholar]
  194. Tsao DY, Livingstone MS. 2008. Mechanisms of face perception. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 31:411–37 [Google Scholar]
  195. Tulving E. 1972. Episodic and semantic memory. Organization of Memory E Tulving 381–403 New York: Academic [Google Scholar]
  196. Tulving E. 1985. Memory and consciousness. Can. Psychol. 26:1–12 [Google Scholar]
  197. Tulving E. 2002. Episodic memory: from mind to brain. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 53:1–25 [Google Scholar]
  198. Tulving E, Markowitsch HJ. 1998. Episodic and declarative memory: role of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 8:198–204 [Google Scholar]
  199. Tulving E, Schacter D. 1990. Priming and human memory systems. Science 247:301–6 [Google Scholar]
  200. Tulving E, Thomson DM. 1973. Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychol. Rev. 80:352–73 [Google Scholar]
  201. Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG, Watkins KE, Connelly A, Van Paesschen W, Mishkin M. 1997. Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Science 277:376–80 [Google Scholar]
  202. Vargha-Khadem F, Salmond CH, Watkins KE, Friston KJ, Gadian DG, Mishkin M. 2003. Developmental amnesia: effect of age at injury. PNAS 100:10055–60 [Google Scholar]
  203. Victor M, Agamanolis D. 1990. Amnesia due to lesions confined to the hippocampus: a clinical-pathologic study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2:246–57 [Google Scholar]
  204. Viskontas IV, McAndrews MP, Moscovitch M. 2000. Remote episodic memory deficits in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and excisions. J. Neurosci. 20:5853–57 [Google Scholar]
  205. Wang J, Baucom LB, Shinkareva SV. 2013. Decoding abstract and concrete concept representations based on single-trial fMRI data. Hum. Brain Mapp. 34:1133–47 [Google Scholar]
  206. Warren DE, Duff MC. 2014. Not so fast: Hippocampal amnesia slows word learning despite successful fast mapping. Hippocampus 24:920–33 [Google Scholar]
  207. Warren DE, Duff MC, Magnotta V, Capizzano AA, Cassell MD, Tranel D. 2012. Long-term neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, and life outcome in hippocampal amnesia. Clin. Neuropsychol. 26:335–69 [Google Scholar]
  208. West MJ. 1990. Stereological studies of the hippocampus: a comparison of the hippocampal subdivisions of diverse species including hedgehogs, laboratory rodents, wild mice and men. Prog. Brain Res. 83:13–36 [Google Scholar]
  209. Winocur G, Moscovitch M. 2011. Memory transformation and systems consolidation. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 17:766–80 [Google Scholar]
  210. Woollett K, Maguire EA. 2011. Acquiring “the Knowledge” of London's layout drives structural brain changes. Curr. Biol. 21:2109–14 [Google Scholar]
  211. Yee LTS, Warren DE, Voss JL, Duff MC, Tranel D, Cohen NJ. 2014. The hippocampus uses information just encountered to guide efficient ongoing behavior. Hippocampus 24:154–64 [Google Scholar]
  212. Yonelinas AP. 2002. The nature of recollection and familiarity: a review of 30 years of research. J. Mem. Lang. 46:441–517 [Google Scholar]
  213. Yonelinas AP. 2013. The hippocampus supports high-resolution binding in the service of perception, working memory and long-term memory. Behav. Brain Res. 254:34–44 [Google Scholar]
  214. Zeidman P, Mullally SL, Maguire EA. 2014. Constructing, perceiving, and maintaining scenes: hippocampal activity and connectivity. Cereb. Cortex doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu266
  215. Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR, Amaral DG. 1986. Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 6:2950–67 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033739
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033739
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error