1932
0
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Annual Review of Public Health
  4. Volume 40, 2019
  5. Article

Annual Review of Public Health

Volume 40, 2019

The Economic Case for the Prevention of Mental Illness

Abstract

Poor mental health has profound economic consequences. Given the burden of poor mental health, the economic case for preventing mental illness and promoting better mental health may be very strong, but too often prevention attracts little attention and few resources. This article describes the potential role that can be played by economic evidence alongside experimental trials and observational studies, or through modeling, to substantiate the need for increased investment in prevention. It illustrates areas of action across the life course where there is already a good economic case. It also suggests some further areas of substantive public health concern, with promising effectiveness evidence, that may benefit from economic analysis. Financial and economic barriers to implementation are then presented, and strategies to address the barriers and increase investment in the prevention of mental illness are suggested.

Keyword(s): economic evaluation, economic modeling, intersectoral actions, mental illness, prevention
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629
2019-04-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/publhealth/40/1/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. 1. 
    Ahern S, Burke LA, McElroy B, Corcoran P, McMahon EM et al. 2018. A cost-effectiveness analysis of school-based suicide prevention programmes. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 27:1295–304
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 2. 
    Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Upanne M, Henriksson M, Parkkola K, Stengård E 2010. Effects of a psycho-social support programme for young men. Randomised trial of the Time Out! Getting Life Back on Track programme. Int. J. Ment. Health Promot. 12:14–24
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 3. 
    Arango C, Díaz-Caneja CM, McGorry PD, Rapoport J, Sommer IE et al. 2018. Preventive strategies for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 5:591–604
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 4. 
    Arseneault L 2017. The long-term impact of bullying victimization on mental health. World Psychiatry 16:27–28
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 5. 
    Atkins Whitmer D, Woods DL 2013. Analysis of the cost effectiveness of a suicide barrier on the Golden Gate Bridge. Crisis 34:98–106
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 6. 
    Bauer A, Knapp M, Parsonage M 2016. Lifetime costs of perinatal anxiety and depression. J. Affect. Disord. 192:83–90
     [Google Scholar]
  7. 7. 
    Bezold CP, Banay RF, Coull BA, Hart JE, James P et al. 2018. The association between natural environments and depressive symptoms in adolescents living in the United States. J. Adolesc. Health 62:488–95
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 8. 
    Brenner MH, Andreeva E, Theorell T, Goldberg M, Westerlund H et al. 2014. Organizational downsizing and depressive symptoms in the European recession: the experience of workers in France, Hungary, Sweden and the United Kingdom. PLOS ONE 9:e97063
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 9. 
    Briggs R, Tobin K, Kenny RA, Kennelly SP 2018. What is the prevalence of untreated depression and death ideation in older people? Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int. Psychogeriatr. 30:1393–401
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 10. 
    Brimblecombe N, Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M, King D, Takizawa R et al. 2018. Long term economic impact associated with childhood bullying victimisation. Soc. Sci. Med. 208:134–41
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 11. 
    CDC (Cent. Dis. Control Prev.), Cent. State Tribal Local Territ. Support. 2018. Public health economics. Public Health Professionals Gateway https://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/pheconomics/index.html
  12. 12. 
    Clarkson S, Axford N, Berry V, Edwards RT, Bjornstad G et al. 2016. Effectiveness and micro-costing of the KiVa school-based bullying prevention programme in Wales: study protocol for a pragmatic definitive parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 16:104
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 13. 
    Collins PY, Patel V, Joestl SS, March D, Insel TR, Daar AS 2011. Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature 475:27–30
     [Google Scholar]
  14. 14. 
    Costello EJ 2016. Early detection and prevention of mental health problems: developmental epidemiology and systems of support. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 45:710–17
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 15. 
    Coulton S, Clift S, Skingley A, Rodriguez J 2015. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community singing on mental health-related quality of life of older people: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 207:250–55
     [Google Scholar]
  16. 16. 
    Cuijpers P, Smit F, Lebowitz BD, Beekman ATF 2011. Prevention of mental disorders in late life. Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry MT Abou-Saleh, CLE Katona, A Kumar 844–49 Chichester, UK: Wiley
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 17. 
    Donker T, Blankers M, Hedman E, Ljótsson B, Petrie K, Christensen H 2015. Economic evaluations of Internet interventions for mental health: a systematic review. Psychol. Med. 45:3357–76
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 18. 
    Doran C, Ling R 2014. The economic cost of suicide and suicide behaviour in the NSW construction industry and the impact of MATES in Construction suicide prevention strategy in reducing this cost Rep., MATES Constr. Spring Hill, Qld. Aust: http://micaus.bpndw46jvgfycmdxu.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/2014-Economic-cost-of-suicide-in-NSW.pdf
  19. 19. 
    Drapeau CW, McIntosh JL 2017. U.S.A. Suicide 2016: Official Final Data. Rep., Am. Assoc. Suicidol. Washington, DC: http://suicideprevention.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/suicidepreventionnvgov/content/SP/CRSF/Mtgs/2018/2016_AAS_USA_data.pdf
  20. 20. 
    Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance G 2015. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press, 4th ed..
  21. 21. 
    Epifanio MS, Genna V, De Luca C, Roccella M, La Grutta S 2015. Paternal and maternal transition to parenthood: the risk of postpartum depression and parenting stress. Pediatr. Rep. 7:5872
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 22. 
    Forlani C, Morri M, Ferrari B, Dalmonte E, Menchetti M et al. 2013. Prevalence and gender differences in late-life depression: a population-based study. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 22:370–80
     [Google Scholar]
  23. 23. 
    Forsman AK, Nordmyr J, Wahlbeck K 2011. Psychosocial interventions for the promotion of mental health and the prevention of depression among older adults. Health Promot. Int. 26:Suppl. 1i85–107
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 24. 
    Forsman AK, Nyqvist F, Wahlbeck K 2011. Cognitive components of social capital and mental health status among older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Scand. J. Public Health 39:757–65
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 25. 
    Forsman AK, Schierenbeck I, Wahlbeck K 2011. Psychosocial interventions for the prevention of depression in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Aging Health 23:387–416
     [Google Scholar]
  26. 26. 
    French MT, Roebuck MC, Dennis ML, Diamond G, Godley SH et al. 2002. The economic cost of outpatient marijuana treatment for adolescents: findings from a multi-site field experiment. Addiction 97:Suppl. 184–97
     [Google Scholar]
  27. 27. 
    Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J, Smith SM, Donnelly M 2012. Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years (review). Evid.-Based Child Health 8:318–692
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 28. 
    Gardner F, Leijten P, Mann J, Landau S, Harris V et al. 2017. Could scale-up of parenting programmes improve child disruptive behaviour and reduce social inequalities? Using individual participant data meta-analysis to establish for whom programmes are effective and cost-effective. Public Health Res 1:10 https://doi.org/10.3310/phr05100
    [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
  29. 29. 
    Gascon M, Sánchez-Benavides G, Dadvand P, Martínez D, Gramunt N et al. 2018. Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: a cross-sectional study. Environ. Res. 162:231–39
     [Google Scholar]
  30. 30. 
    Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T 2005. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet. Gynecol. 106:1071–83
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 31. 
    Gong Y, Palmer S, Gallacher J, Marsden T, Fone D 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between objective measurements of the urban environment and psychological distress. Environ. Int. 96:48–57
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 32. 
    Grunseit A, Richards J, Merom D 2017. Running on a high: parkrun and personal well-being. BMC Public Health 18:59
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 33. 
    Gurung B, Jackson LJ, Monahan M, Butterworth R, Roberts TE 2018. Identifying and assessing the benefits of interventions for postnatal depression: a systematic review of economic evaluations. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18:179
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 34. 
    Hamberg-van Reenen HH, Proper KI, van den Berg M 2012. Worksite mental health interventions: a systematic review of economic evaluations. Occup. Environ. Med. 69:837–45
     [Google Scholar]
  35. 35. 
    Hawton K, Witt KG, Salisbury TL, Arensman E, Gunnell D et al. 2016. Psychosocial interventions following self-harm in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 3:740–50
     [Google Scholar]
  36. 36. 
    Helbich M, de Beurs D, Kwan M-P, O'Connor RC, Groenewegen PP 2018. Natural environments and suicide mortality in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional, ecological study. Lancet Planet. Health 2:e134–39
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 37. 
    Hilferty F, Cassells R, Muir K, Duncan A, Christensen D et al. 2015. Is headspace making a difference to young people's lives? Final report of the independent evaluation of the headspace program SPRC Rep. 08/2015, Soc. Policy Res. Cent. (SPRC) Univ. N.S.W., Sydney Aust: https://headspace.org.au/assets/Uploads/Evaluation-of-headspace-program.pdf
  38. 38. 
    Husereau D, Culyer AJ, Neumann P, Jacobs P 2015. How do economic evaluations inform health policy decisions for treatment and prevention in Canada and the United States?. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 13:273–79
     [Google Scholar]
  39. 39. 
    Ibanez G, Bernard JY, Rondet C, Peyre H, Forhan A et al. 2015. Effects of antenatal maternal depression and anxiety on children's early cognitive development: a prospective cohort study. PLOS ONE 10:e0135849
     [Google Scholar]
  40. 40. 
    Janssen M, Heerkens Y, Kuijer W, van der Heijden B, Engels J 2018. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on employees' mental health: a systematic review. PLOS ONE 13:e0191332
     [Google Scholar]
  41. 41. 
    Jorm AF, Mulder RT 2018. Prevention of mental disorders requires action on adverse childhood experiences. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 52:316–19
     [Google Scholar]
  42. 42. 
    Karna A, Voeten M, Little TD, Poskiparta E, Alanen E, Salmivalli C 2011. Going to scale: a nonrandomized nationwide trial of the KiVa antibullying program for grades 1–9. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 79:796–805
     [Google Scholar]
  43. 43. 
    Kellam SG, Wang W, Mackenzie AC, Brown CH, Ompad DC et al. 2014. The impact of the Good Behavior Game, a universal classroom-based preventive intervention in first and second grades, on high-risk sexual behaviors and drug abuse and dependence disorders into young adulthood. Prev. Sci. 15:Suppl. 1S6–18
     [Google Scholar]
  44. 44. 
    Kent County Counc. 2015. Kent transformation plan for children, young people and young adults’ mental health and wellbeing Rep., Kent County Counc. Maidstone, UK: https://www.westkentccg.nhs.uk/about-us/our-plans-reports-and-strategies/kent-transformation-plan-for-young-people/
  45. 45. 
    Kim TJ, von dem Knesebeck O 2015. Is an insecure job better for health than having no job at all? A systematic review of studies investigating the health-related risks of both job insecurity and unemployment. BMC Public Health 15:985
     [Google Scholar]
  46. 46. 
    Knapp M, McDaid D, Parsonage M, eds. 2011. Mental health promotion and mental illness prevention: the economic case Rep., Dep. Health London: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32311/1/Knapp_et_al__MHPP_The_Economic_Case.pdf
  47. 47. 
    Ko JY, Rockhill KM, Tong VT, Morrow B, Farr SL 2017. Trends in postpartum depressive symptoms—27 states, 2004, 2008, and 2012. MMWR 66:153–58
     [Google Scholar]
  48. 48. 
    Kuyken W, Hayes R, Barrett B, Byng R, Dalgleish T et al. 2015. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 386:63–73
     [Google Scholar]
  49. 49. 
    Kuyken W, Nuthall E, Byford S, Crane C, Dalgleish T et al. 2017. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a mindfulness training programme in schools compared with normal school provision (MYRIAD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 18:194
     [Google Scholar]
  50. 50. 
    Kuyken W, Warren FC, Taylor RS, Whalley B, Crane C et al. 2016. Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in prevention of depressive relapse: an individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized trials. JAMA Psychiatry 73:565–74
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 51. 
    Le LK, Hay P, Mihalopoulos C 2018. A systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies of prevention and treatment for eating disorders. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 52:328–38
     [Google Scholar]
  52. 52. 
    Leach LS, Poyser C, Cooklin AR, Giallo R 2016. Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders (and symptom levels) in men across the perinatal period: a systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 190:675–86
     [Google Scholar]
  53. 53. 
    Lee SY, Franchetti MK, Imanbayev A, Gallo JJ, Spira AP, Lee HB 2012. Non-pharmacological prevention of major depression among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of the efficacy of psychotherapy interventions. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 55:522–29
     [Google Scholar]
  54. 54. 
    Lee YY, Barendregt JJ, Stockings EA, Ferrari AJ, Whiteford HA et al. 2017. The population cost-effectiveness of delivering universal and indicated school-based interventions to prevent the onset of major depression among youth in Australia. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 26:545–64
     [Google Scholar]
  55. 55. 
    Lever Taylor B, Cavanagh K, Strauss C 2016. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in the perinatal period: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 11:e0155720
     [Google Scholar]
  56. 56. 
    Ly A, Latimer E 2015. Housing first impact on costs and associated cost offsets: a review of the literature. Can. J. Psychiatry 60:475–87
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 57. 
    Matrix Insight. 2013. Economic analysis of workplace mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention programmes and of their potential contribution to EU health, social and economic policy objectives Fin. Rep., Exec. Agency Health Consum. Brussels: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/mental_health/docs/matrix_economic_analysis_mh_promotion_en.pdf
  58. 58. 
    McDaid D 2014. Economic modelling for global mental health. Global Mental Health Trials G Thornicroft, V Patel 265–81 Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
     [Google Scholar]
  59. 59. 
    McDaid D 2016. Making an economic case for investing in suicide prevention: quo vadis?. The International Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Research, Policy and Practice RC O'Connor, J Pirkis 775–90 Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2nd ed..
     [Google Scholar]
  60. 60. 
    McDaid D, Hewlett E, Park A-L 2017. Understanding effective approaches to promoting mental health and preventing mental illness OECD Health Work. Pap. 97, OECD Paris: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/bc364fb2-en.pdf?expires=1540426361&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5E733168AC51930246CFA28B2A92540D
  61. 61. 
    McDaid D, Hopkin G, Knapp M, Brimblecombe N, Evans-Lacko S, Gan C 2018. The economic impact of the KiVa anti-bullying interventions in UK schools Rep., MQ London: https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/www.joinmq.org/The+Economic+Case+for+Prevention+in+Young+People%E2%80%99s+Mental+Health+-+Bullying.pdf
  62. 62. 
    McDaid D, Park A-L 2016. Evidence on financing and budgeting mechanisms to support intersectoral actions between health, education, social welfare and labour sectors Health Evid. Netw. Synth. Rep. 48 World Health Organ. Reg. Off. Eur. Copenhagen: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/318136/HEN-synthesis-report-48.pdf?ua=1
  63. 63. 
    McDaid D, Park A-L, Knapp M 2017. Commissioning cost-effective services for promotion of mental health and wellbeing and prevention of mental ill health Rep., Public Health Engl. London: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85944/1/McDaid_Commissioning%20cost-effectgive%20services_2017.pdf
  64. 64. 
    McDaid D, Sassi F, Merkur S 2015. Promoting Health, Preventing Disease. The Economic Case Maidenhead, UK: Open Univ. Press
  65. 65. 
    McDaid D, Wilson E, Knapp M 2017. Barriers and facilitators to commissioning cost-effective services for promotion of mental health and wellbeing and prevention of mental ill-health Rep., Public Health Engl. London: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85956/1/McDaid_Mental%20%20health_barriers%20and%20facilitators_2017.pdf
  66. 66. 
    Mihalopoulos C, Chatterton ML 2015. Economic evaluations of interventions designed to prevent mental disorders: a systematic review. Early Interv. Psychiatry 9:85–92
     [Google Scholar]
  67. 67. 
    Mihalopoulos C, Vos T 2013. Cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions for depressive disorders: an overview. Expert Rev. Pharmacoecon. Outcomes Res. 13:237–42
     [Google Scholar]
  68. 68. 
    Mihalopoulos C, Vos T, Pirkis J, Carter R 2011. The economic analysis of prevention in mental health programs. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 7:169–201
     [Google Scholar]
  69. 69. 
    Nath S, Psychogiou L, Kuyken W, Ford T, Ryan E, Russell G 2016. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among fathers and associated risk factors during the first seven years of their child's life: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 16:509
     [Google Scholar]
  70. 70. 
    Neumann PJ, Cohen JT, Weinstein MC 2014. Updating cost-effectiveness—the curious resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY threshold. N. Engl. J. Med. 371:796–97
     [Google Scholar]
  71. 71. 
    OECD. 2012. Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work Mental Health Work Ser Paris: OECD
  72. 72. 
    OECD. 2014. Making Mental Health Count. The Social and Economic Costs of Neglecting Mental Health Care Health Policy Stud. Ser Paris: OECD
  73. 73. 
    OECD. 2015. Fit Mind, Fit Job: From Evidence to Practice in Mental Health and Work Mental Health Work Ser Paris: OECD
  74. 74. 
    Olesen J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Wittchen HU, Jonsson B 2012. The economic cost of brain disorders in Europe. Eur. J. Neurol. 19:155–62
     [Google Scholar]
  75. 75. 
    Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S, Crystal S, Gerhard T, Blanco C 2017. Suicide following deliberate self-harm. Am. J. Psychiatry 174:765–74
     [Google Scholar]
  76. 76. 
    Park A-L, McDaid D, Weiser P, Von Gottberg C, Becker T, Kilian R 2013. Examining the cost effectiveness of interventions to promote the physical health of people with mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 13:787
     [Google Scholar]
  77. 77. 
    Pontes NMH, Ayres CG, Lewandowski C, Pontes MCF 2018. Trends in bullying victimization by gender among US high school students. Res. Nurs. Health 41:243–51
     [Google Scholar]
  78. 78. 
    Public Health Agency Can. 2017. Innovation strategy: equipping Canadians—mental health throughout life. Government of Canada https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/innovation-strategy/mental-health.html
  79. 79. 
    Razani N, Morshed S, Kohn MA, Wells NM, Thompson D et al. 2018. Effect of park prescriptions with and without group visits to parks on stress reduction in low-income parents: SHINE randomized trial. PLOS ONE 13:e0192921
     [Google Scholar]
  80. 80. 
    Reini K 2016. Mielenterveyden edistämisen taloudelliset vaikutukset. Nuorten miesten syrjäytymistä ehkäisevän Aikalisä-tukipalvelun arviointi. [The economic effects of mental health promotion. An evaluation of the Time Out! support model to prevent social exclusion of young men.] Work. Pap., Univ. Vaasa Vaasa, Fin.:
  81. 81. 
    Rodwell L, Romaniuk H, Nilsen W, Carlin JB, Lee KJ, Patton GC 2018. Adolescent mental health and behavioural predictors of being NEET: a prospective study of young adults not in employment, education, or training. Psychol. Med. 48:861–71
     [Google Scholar]
  82. 82. 
    Roehrig C 2016. Mental disorders top the list of the most costly conditions in the United States: $201 billion. Health Aff 35:1130–35
     [Google Scholar]
  83. 83. 
    Ryan R, O'Farrelly C, Ramchandani P 2017. Parenting and child mental health. Lond. J. Prim. Care 9:86–94
     [Google Scholar]
  84. 84. 
    Sampaio F, Enebrink P, Mihalopoulos C, Feldman I 2016. Cost-effectiveness of four parenting programs and bibliotherapy for parents of children with conduct problems. J. Ment. Health Policy Econ. 19:201–12
     [Google Scholar]
  85. 85. 
    Sarkar C, Webster C, Gallacher J 2018. Residential greenness and prevalence of major depressive disorders: a cross-sectional, observational, associational study of 94 879 adult UK Biobank participants. Lancet Planet. Health 2:e162–73
     [Google Scholar]
  86. 86. 
    Selkie EM, Fales JL, Moreno MA 2016. Cyberbullying prevalence among US middle and high school-aged adolescents: a systematic review and quality assessment. J. Adolesc. Health 58:125–33
     [Google Scholar]
  87. 87. 
    Shanahan DF, Lin BB, Bush R, Gaston KJ, Dean JH et al. 2015. Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature. Am. J. Public Health 105:470–77
     [Google Scholar]
  88. 88. 
    Shepard DS, Gurewich D, Lwin AK, Reed GA, Silverman MM 2016. Suicide and suicidal attempts in the United States: costs and policy implications. Suicide Life Threat Behav 46:352–62
     [Google Scholar]
  89. 89. 
    Shi Z, MacBeth A 2017. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on maternal perinatal mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Mindfulness 8:823–47
     [Google Scholar]
  90. 90. 
    Singham T, Viding E, Schoeler T, Arseneault L, Ronald A et al. 2017. Concurrent and longitudinal contribution of exposure to bullying in childhood to mental health: the role of vulnerability and resilience. JAMA Psychiatry 74:1112–19
     [Google Scholar]
  91. 91. 
    Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Baumann LC, Davidson KW et al. 2016. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 315:380–87
     [Google Scholar]
  92. 92. 
    Steffens DC, Fisher GG, Langa KM, Potter GG, Plassman BL 2009. Prevalence of depression among older Americans: the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study. Int. Psychogeriatr. 21:879–88
     [Google Scholar]
  93. 93. 
    Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J 2013. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. PNAS 110:5797–801
     [Google Scholar]
  94. 94. 
    Stone D 2009. An estimate of the economic and health value and cost effectiveness of the expanded WHI scheme 2009 Tech. Inf. Note TIN055 Nat. Engl. Sheffield, UK: http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/95007
  95. 95. 
    Takizawa R, Maughan B, Arseneault L 2014. Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. Am. J. Psychiatry 171:777–84
     [Google Scholar]
  96. 96. 
    Tan L, Wang MJ, Modini M, Joyce S, Mykletun A et al. 2014. Preventing the development of depression at work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of universal interventions in the workplace. BMC Med 12:74
     [Google Scholar]
  97. 97. 
    ten Have M, van Dorsselaer S, de Graaf R 2015. The association between type and number of adverse working conditions and mental health during a time of economic crisis (2010–2012). Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 50:899–907
     [Google Scholar]
  98. 98. 
    Thomson H, Thomas S, Sellstrom E, Petticrew M 2013. Housing improvements for health and associated socio-economic outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013:2CD008657
     [Google Scholar]
  99. 99. 
    Tsiachristas A, McDaid D, Casey D, Brand F, Leal J et al. 2017. General hospital costs in England of medical and psychiatric care for patients who self-harm: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 4:759–67
     [Google Scholar]
  100. 100. 
    Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Ronzi S, Hanratty B 2016. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies. Heart 102:1009–16
     [Google Scholar]
  101. 101. 
    van der Pol TM, Hoeve M, Noom MJ, Stams G, Doreleijers TAH et al. 2017. Research review: The effectiveness of multidimensional family therapy in treating adolescents with multiple behavior problems—a meta-analysis. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 58:532–45
     [Google Scholar]
  102. 102. 
    Van't Veer-Tazelaar P, Smit F, van Hout H, van Oppen P, van der Horst H et al. 2010. Cost-effectiveness of a stepped care intervention to prevent depression and anxiety in late life: randomised trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 196:319–25
     [Google Scholar]
  103. 103. 
    van't Veer-Tazelaar PJ, van Marwijk HW, van Oppen P, van der Horst HE, Smit F et al. 2011. Prevention of late-life anxiety and depression has sustained effects over 24 months: a pragmatic randomized trial. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 19:230–39
     [Google Scholar]
  104. 104. 
    Vasiliadis HM, Lesage A, Latimer E, Seguin M 2015. Implementing suicide prevention programs: costs and potential life years saved in Canada. J. Ment. Health Policy Econ. 18:147–55
     [Google Scholar]
  105. 105. 
    Waddell C, Schwartz C, Andres C, Barican JL, Yung D 2018. Fifty years of preventing and treating childhood behaviour disorders: a systematic review to inform policy and practice. Evid.-Based Ment. Health 21:45–52
     [Google Scholar]
  106. 106. 
    Wahlbeck K, Cresswell-Smith J, Haaramo P, Parkkonen J 2017. Interventions to mitigate the effects of poverty and inequality on mental health. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 52:505–14
     [Google Scholar]
  107. 107. 
    Wahlbeck K, McDaid D 2012. Actions to alleviate the mental health impact of the economic crisis. World Psychiatry 11:139–45
     [Google Scholar]
  108. 108. 
    Walker SC, Lyon AR, Aos S, Trupin EW 2017. The consistencies and vagaries of the Washington state inventory of evidence-based practice: the definition of “evidence-based” in a policy context. Adm. Policy Ment. Health 44:42–54
     [Google Scholar]
  109. 109. 
    Wash. State Inst. Public Policy. 2017. Benefit-cost results. Washington State Institute for Public Policy http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/BenefitCost/WsippBenefitCost_AllPrograms
  110. 110. 
    Wild B, Herzog W, Schellberg D, Lechner S, Niehoff D et al. 2012. Association between the prevalence of depression and age in a large representative German sample of people aged 53 to 80 years. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 27:375–81
     [Google Scholar]
  111. 111. 
    Williford A, Elledge LC, Boulton AJ, DePaolis KJ, Little TD, Salmivalli C 2013. Effects of the KiVa antibullying program on cyberbullying and cybervictimization frequency among Finnish youth. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 42:820–33
     [Google Scholar]
  112. 112. 
    Wykes T, Haro JM, Belli SR, Obradors-Tarragó C, Arango C et al. 2015. Mental health research priorities for Europe. Lancet Psychiatry 2:1036–42
     [Google Scholar]
  113. 113. 
    Zalsman G, Hawton K, Wasserman D, van Heeringen K, Arensman E et al. 2016. Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry 3:646–59
     [Google Scholar]
  114. 114. 
    Zechmeister I, Kilian R, McDaid D 2008. Is it worth investing in mental health promotion and prevention of mental illness? A systematic review of the evidence from economic evaluations. BMC Public Health 8:20
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629
Loading
The Economic Case for the Prevention of Mental Illness
Annual Review of Public Health 40, 373 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013629
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Review Article

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error