1932

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a complex retrovirus encoding 15 distinct proteins. Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the function of each protein, and three-dimensional structures of many components, including portions of the RNA genome, have been determined. This review describes the function of each component in the context of the viral life cycle: the Gag and Env structural proteins MA (matrix), CA (capsid), NC (nucleocapsid), p6, SU (surface), and TM (transmembrane); the Pol enzymes PR (protease), RT (reverse transcriptase), and IN (integrase); the gene regulatory proteins Tat and Rev; and the accessory proteins Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu. The review highlights recent biochemical and structural studies that help clarify the mechanisms of viral assembly, infection, and replication.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.1
1998-07-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/biochem/67/1/annurev.biochem.67.1.1.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.1&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Jones KA, Peterlin BM. 1994. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63:717–43
  2. Zhou QA, Sharp PA. 1996. Science 274:605–10
  3. Parada CA, Roeder RG. 1996. Nature 384:375–78
  4. Yang XZ, Herrmann CH, Rice AP. 1996. J. Virol. 70:4576–84
  5. Garcia-Martinez LF, Mavankal G, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Ivanov D, Gaynor RB. 1997. EMBO J. 16:2836–50
  6. Cujec TP, Cho H, Maldonado E, Meyer J, Reinberg D, Peterlin BM. 1997. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1817–23
  7. Jones KA. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:2593–99
  8. Puglisi JD, Tan RY, Calnan BJ, Frankel AD, Williamson JR. 1992. Science 257:76–80
  9. Aboul-ela F, Karn J, Varani G. 1995. J. Mol. Biol. 253:313–32
  10. Bayer P, Kraft M, Ejchart A, Westendorp M, Frank R, Rosch P. 1995. J. Mol. Biol. 247:529–35
  11. Alonso A, Cujec TP, Peterlin BM. 1994. J. Virol. 68:6505–13
  12. Clever JL, Parslow TG. 1997. J. Virol. 71:3407–14
  13. Paillart JC, Skripkin E, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Marquet R. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:5572–77
  14. Laughrea M, Jette L, Mak J, Kleiman L, Liang C, Wainberg MA. 1997. J. Virol. 71:3397–406
  15. Cassan M, Delaunay N, Vaquero C, Rousset JP. 1994. J. Virol. 68:1501–8
  16. Hope TJ. 1997. Chem. Biol. 4:335–44
  17. Fischer U, Huber J, Boelens WC, Mattaj IW, Luhrmann R. 1995. Cell 82:475–83
  18. Meyer BE, Malim MH. 1994. Genes Dev. 8:1538–47
  19. Fritz CC, Zapp ML, Green MR. 1995. Nature 376:530–33
  20. Bogerd HP, Fridell RA, Madore S, Cullen BR. 1995. Cell 82:485–94
  21. Stutz F, Neville M, Rosbash M. 1995. Cell 82:495–506
  22. Ullman KS, Powers MA, Forbes DJ. 1997. Cell 90:967–70
  23. Lu XB, Heimer J, Rekosh D, Hammarskjold ML. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7598–602
  24. Kjems J, Sharp PA. 1993. J. Virol. 67:4769–76
  25. Zemmel RW, Kelley AC, Karn J, Butler PJ. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 258:763–77
  26. Battiste JL, Mao H, Rao NS, Tan R, Muhandiram DR. et al. 1996. Science 273:1547–51
  27. Ye XM, Gorin A, Ellington AD, Patel DJ. 1996. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3:1026–33
  28. Hill CP, Worthylake D, Bancroft DP, Christensen AM, Sundquist WI. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3099–104
  29. Lee PP, Linial ML. 1994. J. Virol. 68:6644–54
  30. Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA. 1995. J. Virol. 69:3949–54
  31. Mammano F, Kondo E, Sodroski J, Bukovsky A, Gottlinger HG. 1995. J. Virol. 69:3824–30
  32. Massiah MA, Worthylake D, Christensen AM, Sundquist WI, Hill CP, Summers MF. 1996. Protein Sci. 5:2391–98
  33. Gallay P, Swingler S, Song JP, Bushman F, Trono D. 1995. Cell 83:569–76
  34. Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, Sharova N, Adzhubel A. et al. 1993. Nature 365:666–69
  35. Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK, Smithgall TE, Lewis RE, Steverson M. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:367–71
  36. Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, Oettinger M, Trono D. 1996. J. Virol. 70:1027–32
  37. Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D. 1995. Cell 80:379–88
  38. Trono D, Gallay P. 1997. Cell 88:173–74
  39. Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA. 1997. Cell 88:171–73
  40. Fouchier RAM, Meyer BE, Simon JHM, Fischer U, Malim MH. 1997. EMBO J. 16:4531–39
  41. Gamble TR, Yoo S, Vajdos FF, Von Schwedler UK, Worthylake DK. et al. 1997. Science. In press
  42. Luban J. 1996. Cell 87:1157–59
  43. Gamble TR, Vajdos FF, Yoo S, Worthylake DK, Houseweart M. et al. 1996. Cell 87:1285–94
  44. Momany C, Kovari LC, Prongay AJ, Keller W, Gitti RK. et al. 1996. Nat. Struct. Biol. 3:763–70
  45. Gitti RK, Lee BM, Walker J, Summers MF, Yoo S, Sundquist WI. 1996. Science 273:231–35
  46. Srinivasakumar N, Hammarskjold ML, Rekosh D. 1995. J. Virol. 69:6106–14
  47. Mammano F, Ohagen A, Hoglund S, Gottlinger HG. 1994. J. Virol. 68:4927–36
  48. Ebbets-Reed D, Scarlata S, Carter CA. 1996. Biochemistry 35:14268–75
  49. Dorfman T, Gottlinger HG. 1996. J. Virol. 70:5751–57
  50. Berkowitz RD, Ohagen A, Hoglund S, Goff SP. 1995. J. Virol. 69:6445–56
  51. Huang Y, Khorchid A, Wang J, Parniak MA, Darlix JL. et al. 1997. J. Virol. 71:4378–84
  52. Guo JH, Henderson LE, Bess J, Kane B, Levin JG. 1997. J. Virol. 71:5178–88
  53. Cameron CE, Ghosh M, Le Grice SF, Benkovic SJ. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6700–5
  54. Carteau S, Batson SC, Poljak L, Mouscadet J-F, deRocquigny H. et al. 1997. J. Virol. 71:6225–29
  55. Schmalzbauer E, Strack B, Dannull J, Guehmann S, Moelling K. 1996. J. Virol. 70:771–77
  56. Poon DT, Wu J, Aldovini A. 1996. J. Virol. 70:6607–16
  57. Summers MF, Henderson LE, Chance MR, Bess JW Jr, South TL. et al. 1992. Protein Sci. 1:563–74
  58. Morellet N, Jullian N, De Rocquigny H, Maigret B, Darlix JL, Roques BP. 1992. EMBO J. 11:3059–65
  59. Rice WG, Supko JG, Malspeis L, Buckheit RW Jr, Clanton D. et al. 1995. Science 270:1194–97
  60. Kondo E, Gottlinger HG. 1996. J. Virol. 70:159–64
  61. Lu YL, Bennett RP, Wills JW, Gorelick R, Ratner L. 1995. J. Virol. 69:6873–79
  62. Checroune F, Yao XJ, Gottlinger HG, Bergeron D, Cohen EA. 1995. J. AIDS Hum. Retrovirol. 10:1–7
  63. Cohen EA, Subbramanian RA, Gottlinger HG. 1996. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 214:219–35
  64. Huang M, Orenstein JM, Martin MA, Freed EO. 1995. J. Virol. 69:6810–18
  65. Lamb RA, Pinto LH. 1997. Virology 229:1–11
  66. Tiganos E, Yao XJ, Friborg J, Daniel N, Cohen EA. 1997. J. Virol. 71:4452–60
  67. Bour S, Schubert U, Strebel K. 1995. J. Virol. 69:1510–20
  68. Fujita K, Omura S, Silver J. 1997. J. Gen. Virol. 78:619–25
  69. Kerkau T, Bacik I, Bennink JR, Yewdell JW, Hunig T. et al. 1997. J. Exp. Med. 185:1295–305
  70. Mangasarian A, Trono D. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:30–33
  71. Le Gall S, Heard JM, Schwartz O. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:43–47
  72. Guatelli JC. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:34–37
  73. Bukovsky AA, Dorfman T, Weimann A, Gottlinger HG. 1997. J. Virol. 71:1013–18
  74. Greenway A, McPhee D. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:58–64
  75. Moarefi I, LaFevre-Bernt M, Sicheri F, Huse M, Lee CH. et al. 1997. Nature 385:650–53
  76. Benichou S, Liu LX, Erdtmann L, Selig L, Benarous R. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:71–73
  77. Lee CH, Saksela K, Mirza UA, Chait BT, Kuriyan J. 1996. Cell 85:931–42
  78. Grzesiek S, Bax A, Hu J-S, Kaufman J, Palmer I. et al. 1997. Protein Sci. 6:1248–63
  79. Sawai ET, Cheng-Mayer C, Luciw PA. 1997. Res. Virol. 148:47–52
  80. Cullen BR. 1996. Curr. Biol. 6:1557–59
  81. Kaplan AH, Manchester M, Swanstrom R. 1994. J. Virol. 68:6782–86
  82. Zybarth G, Carter C. 1995. J. Virol. 69:3878–84
  83. Dunn BM, Gustchina A, Wlodawer A, Kay J. 1994. Methods Enzymol. 241:254–78
  84. Pettit SC, Moody MD, Wehbie RS, Kaplan AH, Nantermet PV. et al. 1994. J. Virol. 68:8017–27
  85. Krausslich HG, Facke M, Heuser AM, Konvalinka J, Zentgraf H. 1995. J. Virol. 69:3407–19
  86. Sheng N, Pettit SC, Tritch RJ, Ozturk DH, Rayner MM. et al. 1997. J. Virol. 71:5723–32
  87. Luukkonen BG, Fenyo EM, Schwartz S. 1995. Virology 206:854–65
  88. Wlodawer A, Erickson JW. 1993. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:543–85
  89. Condra JH, Schleif WA, Blahy OM, Gabryelski LJ, Graham DJ. et al. 1995. Nature 374:569–71
  90. Ridky T, Leis J. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:29621–23
  91. Schock HB, Garsky VM, Kuo LC. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31957–63
  92. McPhee F, Good AC, Kuntz ID, Craik CS. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11466–81
  93. Simon JH, Malim MH. 1996. J. Virol. 70:5297–305
  94. Yang X, Goncalves J, Gabuzda D. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:10121–29
  95. Camaur D, Trono D. 1996. J. Virol. 70:6106–11
  96. Fouchier RA, Simon JH, Jaffe AB, Malim MH. 1996. J. Virol. 70:8263–69
  97. Karczewski MK, Strebel K. 1996. J. Virol. 70:494–507
  98. Liu HM, Wu XY, Newman M, Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Kappes JC. 1995. J. Virol. 69:7630–38
  99. Luciw PA. 1996. In Fundamental Virology, ed. BM Fields, DM Knipe, PM Howley 845–916 Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. 3rd ed
  100. Clapham PR, Weiss RA. 1997. Nature 388:230–31
  101. Bleul CC, Farzan M, Choe H, Parolin C, Clark-Lewis I. et al. 1996. Nature 382:829–33
  102. Oberlin E, Amara A, Bachelerie F, Bessia C, Virelizier JL. et al. 1996. Nature 382:833–35
  103. Choe H, Farzan M, Sun Y, Sullivan N, Rollins B. et al. 1996. Cell 85:1135–48
  104. Clapham PR. 1997. Trends Cell Biol. 7:264–68
  105. Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Cara A, Gallo RC, Lusso P. 1996. Nat. Med. 2:1244–47
  106. Oravecz T, Pall M, Norcross MA. 1996. J. Immunol. 157:1329–32
  107. Hernandez LD, Hoffman LR, Wolfsberg TG, White JM. 1996. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 12:627–61
  108. Chan DC, Fass D, Berger JM, Kim PS. 1997. Cell 89:263–73
  109. Weissenhorn W, Dessen A, Harrison SC, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC. 1997. Nature 387:426–30
  110. Miller MD, Farnet CM, Bushman FD. 1997. J. Virol. 71:5382–90
  111. Emerman M. 1996. Curr. Biol. 6:1096–1103
  112. Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y, Miki S, Suyama A. et al. 1996. Virology 220:208–12
  113. Mansky LM. 1996. Virology 222:391–400
  114. Oude Essink BB, Das AT, Berkhout B. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 264:243–54
  115. Huang Y, Wang J, Shalom A, Li Z, Khorchid A. et al. 1997. J. Virol. 71:726–28
  116. Lanchy JM, Ehresmann C, Le Grice SF, Ehresmann B, Marquet R. 1996. EMBO J. 15:7178–87
  117. Katz RA, Skalka AM. 1994. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63:133–73
  118. Peliska JA, Benkovic SJ. 1992. Science 258:1112–18
  119. Rodgers DW, Gamblin SJ, Harris BA, Ray S, Culp JS. et al. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1222–26
  120. Esnouf R, Ren J, Ross C, Jones Y, Stammers D, Stuart D. 1995. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2:303–8
  121. Hsiou Y, Ding J, Das K, Clark AD Jr, Hughes SH, Arnold E. 1996. Structure 4:853–60
  122. Jacobo-Molina A, Ding JP, Nanni RG, Clark AD Jr, Lu XD. et al. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6320–24
  123. Kohlstaedt LA, Wang J, Friedman JM, Rice PA, Steitz TA. 1992. Science 256:1783–90
  124. Ren JS, Esnouf R, Garman E, Somers D, Ross C. et al. 1995. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2:293–302
  125. Wang J, Smerdon SJ, Jager J, Kohlstaedt LA, Rice PA. et al. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7242–46
  126. Mishima Y, Steitz JA. 1995. EMBO J. 14:2679–87
  127. Tantillo C, Ding J, Jacobo-Molina A, Nanni RG, Boyer PL. et al. 1994. J. Mol. Biol. 243:369–87
  128. Miller MD, Wang B, Bushman FD. 1995. J. Virol. 69:3938–44
  129. Miller MD, Bor YC, Bushman F. 1995. Curr. Biol. 5:1047–56
  130. Miller MD, Bushman FD. 1995. Curr. Biol. 5:368–70
  131. Farnet CM, Bushman FD. 1997. Cell 88:483–92
  132. Rice P, Craigie R, Davies DR. 1996. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6:76–83
  133. Cai M, Zheng R, Caffrey M, Craigie R, Clore GM, Gronenborn AM. 1997. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4:567–77
  134. Dyda F, Hickman AB, Jenkins TM, Engelman A, Craigie R, Davies DR. 1994. Science 266:1981–86
  135. Eijkelenboom AP, Lutzke RA, Boelens R, Plasterk RH, Kaptein R, Hard K. 1995. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2:807–10
  136. Lodi PJ, Ernst JA, Kuszewski J, Hickman AB, Engelman A. et al. 1995. Biochemistry 34:9826–33
  137. Fitzgerald PMD, McKeever BM, VanMiddlesworth JF, Springer JP, Heimbach JC. et al. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 264:14209–19
  138. Kraulis P. 1991. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 24:924–50
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Introduction
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error