1932

Abstract

Active transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm involves primarily three classes of macromolecules: substrates, adaptors, and receptors. Some transport substrates bind directly to an import or an export receptor while others require one or more adaptors to mediate formation of a receptor-substrate complex. Once assembled, these transport complexes are transferred in one direction across the nuclear envelope through aqueous channels that are part of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Dissociation of the transport complex must then take place, and both adaptors and receptors must be recycled through the NPC to allow another round of transport to occur. Directionality of either import or export therefore depends on association between a substrate and its receptor on one side of the nuclear envelope and dissociation on the other. The Ran GTPase is critical in generating this asymmetry. Regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport generally involves specific inhibition of the formation of a transport complex; however, more global forms of regulation also occur.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
1998-07-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/biochem/67/1/annurev.biochem.67.1.265.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Görlich D, Mattaj IW. 1996. Science 271:1513–18
  2. Wilson KL, Wiese C. 1996. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 7:487–96
  3. Reichelt R, Holzenburg A, Buhle EL Jr, Jarnik M, Engel A, Aebi U. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:883–94
  4. Rout MP, Blobel G. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:771–83
  5. Daneholt B. 1997. Cell 88:585–88
  6. Feldherr CM, Kallenbach E, Schultz N. 1984. J. Cell Biol. 99:2216–22
  7. Forbes DJ. 1992. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8:495–527
  8. Davis LI. 1995. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64:865–96
  9. Panté N, Aebi U. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 122:977–84
  10. Doye V, Hurt E. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:401–11
  11. Rout MP, Wente SR. 1994. Trends Cell Biol. 4:357–65
  12. Macaulay C, Forbes DJ. 1996. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 7:475–86
  13. Ohno M, Fornerod M, Mattaj IW. 1998. Cell. 92:327–36
  14. Dingwall C, Laskey RA. 1986. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 2:367–90
  15. Michael WM, Choi M, Dreyfuss G. 1995. Cell 83:415–22
  16. Shulga N, Roberts P, Gu ZY, Spitz L, Tabb MM. et al. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:329–39
  17. Bonner WM. 1975. J. Cell Biol. 64:421–30
  18. De Robertis EM, Longthorne RF, Gurdon JB. 1978. Nature 272:254–56
  19. Dingwall C, Sharnick SV, Laskey RA. 1982. Cell 30:449–58
  20. Kalderon D, Roberts BL, Richardson WD, Smith AE. 1984. Cell 39:499–509
  21. Robbins J, Dilworth SM, Laskey RA, Dingwall C. 1991. Cell 64:615–23
  22. Goldfarb DS, Gariepy J, Schoolnik G, Kornberg RD. 1986. Nature 322:641–44
  23. Zasloff M. 1983. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:6436–40
  24. Newmeyer DD, Lucocq JM, Burglin TR, De Robertis EM. 1986. EMBO J. 5:501–10
  25. Michaud N, Goldfarb DS. 1993. Exp. Cell Res. 208:128–36
  26. Michaud N, Goldfarb DS. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 112:215–23
  27. Mattaj IW. 1988. In Structure and Function of Major and Minor Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Particles, ed. ML Birnstiel 100–14 Berlin: Springer-Verlag
  28. Fischer U, Darzynkiewicz E, Tahara SM, Dathan NA, Lührmann R, Mattaj IW. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:705–14
  29. Pruschy M, Ju Y, Spitz L, Carafoli E, Goldfarb DS. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1527–36
  30. Powers MA, Forbes DJ. 1994. Cell 79:931–34
  31. Newmeyer DD, Finlay DR, Forbes DJ. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2091–102
  32. Adam SA, Marr RS, Gerace L. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:807–16
  33. Adam SA, Lobl TJ, Mitchell MA, Gerace L. 1989. Nature 337:276–79
  34. Adam SA, Gerace L. 1991. Cell 66:837–47
  35. Adam EJH, Adam SA. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 125:547–55
  36. Görlich D, Prehn S, Laskey RA, Hartmann E. 1994. Cell 79:767–78
  37. Yano R, Oakes M, Yamaghishi M, Dodd JA, Nomura M. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:5640–51
  38. Enenkel C, Blobel G, Rexach M. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:16499–502
  39. Imamoto N, Shimamoto T, Takao T, Tachibana T, Kose S. et al. 1995. EMBO J. 14:3617–26
  40. Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2008–11
  41. Weis K, Mattaj IW, Lamond AI. 1995. Science 268:1049–53
  42. Török I, Strand D, Schmitt R, Tick G, Török T. et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1473–89
  43. Küssel P, Frasch M. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1491–1507
  44. Nigg EA. 1997. Nature 386:779–87
  45. Görlich D, Kostka S, Kraft R, Dingwall C, Laskey RA. et al. 1995. Curr. Biol. 5:383–92
  46. Imamoto N, Shimamoto T, Kose S, Takao T, Tachibana T. et al. 1995. FEBS Lett. 368:415–19
  47. Radu A, Blobel G, Moore MS. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1769–73
  48. Chi NC, Adam EJ, Adam SA. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:265–74
  49. Richardson WD, Mills AD, Dilworth SM, Laskey RA, Dingwall C. 1988. Cell 52:655–64
  50. Newmeyer DD, Forbes DJ. 1988. Cell 52:641–53
  51. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1992. Cell 69:939–50
  52. Görlich D, Vogel F, Mills AD, Hartmann E, Laskey RA. 1995. Nature 377:246–48
  53. Moroianu J, Hijikata M, Blobel G, Radu A. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6532–36
  54. Görlich D, Henklein P, Laskey RA, Hartmann E. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1810–17
  55. Weis K, Ryder U, Lamond A. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1818–25
  56. Darnell JE Jr. 1996. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 51:391–403
  57. Ihle JN. 1996. Cell 34:331–43
  58. Adam SA, Adam EJH, Chi NC, Visser GD. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:687–94
  59. Sekimoto T, Imamoto N, Nakajima K, Hirano T, Yoneda Y. 1997. EMBO J. 16:7067–77
  60. Lührmann R, Kastner B, Bach M. 1990. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1087:265–92
  61. Liu Q, Fischer U, Wang F, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Cell 90:1013–22
  62. Fischer U, Liu Q, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Cell 90:1023–30
  63. Mattaj IW, De Robertis EM. 1985. Cell 40:111–18
  64. Mattaj IW. 1986. Cell 46:905–11
  65. Hamm J, Darzynkiewicz E, Tahara SM, Mattaj IW. 1990. Cell 62:569–77
  66. Fischer U, Lührmann R. 1990. Science 249:786–90
  67. Fischer U, Sumpter V, Sekine M, Satoh T, Lührmann R. 1993. EMBO J. 12:573–83
  68. Palacios I, Hetzer M, Adam SA, Mattaj IW. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6783–92
  69. Deleted in proof
  70. Fornerod M, van Deursen J, van Baal S, Reynolds A, Davis D. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:807–16
  71. Görlich D, Dabrowski M, Bischoff FR, Kutay U, Bork P. et al. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:65–80
  72. Pollard VW, Michael WM, Nakielny S, Siomi MC, Wang F, Dreyfuss G. 1996. Cell 86:985–94
  73. Fridell RA, Truant R, Thorne L, Benson RE, Cullen BR. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:1325–31
  74. Siomi H, Dreyfuss G. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:551–60
  75. Weighardt F, Biamonti G, Riva S. 1995. J. Cell Sci. 108:545–55
  76. Aitchison JD, Blobel G, Rout MP. 1996. Science 274:624–27
  77. Nakielny S, Siomi MC, Siomi H, Michael WM, Pollard V, Dreyfuss G. 1996. Exp. Cell Res. 229:261–66
  78. Siomi MC, Eder PS, Kataoka N, Wan L, Liu Q, Dreyfuss G. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:1–12
  79. Michael WM, Eder PS, Dreyfuss G. 1997. EMBO J. 16:3587–98
  80. Kambach C, Mattaj IW. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:11–21
  81. Moreland RB, Nam HG, Hereford LM, Fried HM. 1985. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6561–65
  82. Schaap PJ, van't Riet J, Woldringh CL, Raue HA. 1991. J. Mol. Biol. 221:225–37
  83. Schmidt C, Lipsius E, Kruppa J. 1995. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1875–85
  84. Quaye IK, Toku S, Tanaka T. 1996. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 69:151–55
  85. Russo G, Ricciardelli G, Pietropaolo C. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:5229–35
  86. Underwood MR, Fried HM. 1990. EMBO J. 9:91–99
  87. Nehrbass U, Fabre E, Dihlmann S, Herth W, Hurt EC. 1993. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 62:1–12
  88. Rout MP, Blobel G, Aitchison JD. 1997. Cell 89:715–25
  89. Schlenstedt G, Smirnova E, Deane R, Solsbacher J, Kutay U. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6237–49
  90. Panté N, Aebi U. 1996. Science 273:1729–32
  91. Akey CW, Goldfarb DS. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:971–82
  92. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1993. Nature 365:661–63
  93. Melchior F, Paschal B, Evans E, Gerace L. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:1649–59
  94. Corbett AH, Koepp DM, Schlenstedt G, Lee MS, Hopper AK, Silver PA. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:1017–26
  95. Schlenstedt G, Saavedra C, Loeb JDJ, Cole CN, Silver PA. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:225–29
  96. Palacios I, Weis K, Klebe C, Mattaj IW, Dingwall C. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:485–94
  97. Richards SA, Carey KL, Macara IG. 1997. Science 276:1842–44
  98. Izaurralde E, Kutay U, von Kobbe C, Mattaj IW, Görlich D. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6535–47
  99. Koepp DM, Silver PA. 1996. Cell 87:1–4
  100. Görlich D. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:412–19
  101. Ohtsubo M, Okazaki H, Nishimoto T. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:1389–97
  102. Weis K, Dingwall C, Lamond AI. 1996. EMBO J. 15:7120–28
  103. Görlich D, Panté N, Kutay U, Aebi U, Bischoff FR. 1996. EMBO J. 15:5584–94
  104. Rexach M, Blobel G. 1995. Cell 83:683–92
  105. Chi NC, Adam EJH, Visser GD, Adam SA. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:559–69
  106. Chi NC, Adam EJH, Adam SA. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:6818–22
  107. Deleted in proof
  108. Lounsbury KM, Macara IG. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:551–55
  109. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:701–5
  110. Carey KL, Richards SA, Lounsbury KM, Macara IG. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:985–96
  111. Sweet DJ, Gerace L. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:971–83
  112. Nakashima N, Hayashi N, Noguchi E, Nishimoto T. 1996. J. Cell Sci. 109:2311–18
  113. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:10212–16
  114. Paschal BM, Gerace L. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:925–37
  115. Nehrbass U, Blobel G. 1996. Science 272:120–22
  116. Corbett AH, Silver PA. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:18477–84
  117. Paschal BM, Fritze C, Guan T, Gerace L. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:21534–39
  118. Wong DH, Corbett AH, Kent HM, Stewart M, Silver PA. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:3755–67
  119. Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Stewart M. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 263:517–24
  120. Paschal BM, Delphin C, Gerace L. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7679–83
  121. Bischoff FR, Krebber H, Smirnova E, Dong WH, Ponstingl H. 1995. EMBO J. 14:705–15
  122. Lounsbury KM, Beddow AL, Macara IG. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:11285–90
  123. Chi NC, Adam SA. 1997. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:945–56
  124. Richards SA, Lounsbury KM, Carey KL, Macara IG. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1157–68
  125. Zolotukhin AS, Felber BK. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:11356–60
  126. Taura T, Schlenstedt G, Silver PA. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:31877–84
  127. Yokoyama N, Hayashi N, Seki T, Pante N, Ohba T. et al. 1995. Nature 376:184–88
  128. Wu J, Matunis MJ, Kraemer D, Blobel G, Coutavas E. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:14209–13
  129. Matunis MJ, Coutavas E, Blobel G. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:1457–70
  130. Mahajan R, Delphin C, Guan T, Gerace L, Melchior F. 1997. Cell 88:97–107
  131. Saitoh H, Pu R, Cavenagh M, Dasso M. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3736–41
  132. Loeb JD, Davis LI, Fink GR. 1993. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:209–22
  133. Dingwall C, Kandels-Lewis S, Sérpahin B. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:7525–29
  134. Noguchi E, Hayashi N, Nakashima N, Nishimoto T. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 2235–46
  135. Imamoto N, Matsuoka Y, Kurihara T, Kohno K, Miyagi M. et al. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 119:1047–61
  136. Shi Y, Thomas JO. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:2186–92
  137. Yang J, DeFranco DB. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:5088–98
  138. Franke WW, Scheer U. 1974. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 28:249–82
  139. Mehlin H, Daneholt B. 1993. Trends Cell Biol. 3:443–47
  140. Mehlin H, Daneholt B, Skoglund U. 1992. Cell 69:605–13
  141. Mehlin H, Daneholt B, Skoglund U. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1205–16
  142. Manley JL, Tacke R. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1569–79
  143. Zahler AM, Lane WS, Stolk JA, Roth MB. 1992. Genes Dev. 6:837–47
  144. Cáceres JF, Misteli T, Screaton GR, Spector DL, Krainer AR. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:225–38
  145. Kiseleva E, Wurtz T, Visa N, Daneholt B. 1994. EMBO J. 13:6052–61
  146. Visa N, Alzhanova-Ericsson AT, Sun X, Kiseleva E, Björkroth B. et al. 1996. Cell 84:253–64
  147. Visa N, Izaurralde E, Ferreira J, Daneholt B, Mattaj IW. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:5–14
  148. Alzhanova-Ericsson AT, Sun X, Visa N, Kiseleva E, Wurtz T, Daneholt B. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:2881–93
  149. Vankan P, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1990. EMBO J. 9:3397–404
  150. Terns MP, Dahlberg JE. 1994. Science 264:959–61
  151. Terns MP, Grimm C, Lund E, Dahlberg JE. 1995. EMBO J. 14:4860–71
  152. Boelens WC, Palacios I, Mattaj IW. 1995. RNA 1:273–83
  153. Legrain P, Rosbash M. 1989. Cell 57:573–83
  154. Chang DD, Sharp PA. 1989. Cell 59:789–95
  155. Hamm J, Mattaj IW. 1990. Cell 63:109–18
  156. Ohno M, Shimura Y. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:997–1007
  157. Dreyfuss G, Matunis MJ, Piñol-Roma S, Burd CG. 1993. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:289–321
  158. Nakagawa TY, Swanson MS, Wold BJ, Dreyfuss G. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2007–11
  159. Nakielny S, Dreyfuss G. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1365–73
  160. Dobbelstein M, Roth J, Kimberly WT, Levine AJ, Shenk T. 1997. EMBO J. 16:4276–84
  161. Bataillé N, Helser T, Fried HM. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:1571–82
  162. Jarmolowski A, Boelens WC, Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:627–35
  163. Pokrywka NJ, Goldfarb DS. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:3619–24
  164. Izaurralde E, Stepinski J, Darzynkiewicz E, Mattaj IW. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:1287–95
  165. Terns MP, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1993. Genes Dev. 7:1898–908
  166. Saavedra C, Tung KS, Amberg DC, Hopper AK, Cole CN. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1608–20
  167. Eckner R, Ellmeier W, Birnstiel ML. 1991. EMBO J. 10:3513–22
  168. Cullen BR, Malim MH. 1991. Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:346–50
  169. Hammarskjöld ML. 1997. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:83–90
  170. Bray M, Prasad S, Dubay JW, Hunter E, Jeang KT. et al. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1256–60
  171. Ogert RA, Lee LH, Beemon KL. 1996. J. Virol. 70:3834–43
  172. Tabernero C, Zolotukhin AS, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. 1996. J. Virol. 70:5998–6011
  173. Saavedra C, Felber B, Izaurralde E. 1997. Curr. Biol. 7:619–28
  174. Pasquinelli AE, Ernst RK, Lund E, Grimm C, Zapp ML. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:7500–10
  175. Tang H, Gaietta GM, Fischer WH, Ellisman MH, Wong-Staal F. 1997. Science 276:1412–15
  176. Malim MH, Hauber J, Le SY, Maizel JV, Cullen BR. 1989. Nature 338:254–57
  177. Zapp ML, Green MR. 1989. Nature 342:714–16
  178. Fischer U, Meyer S, Teufel M, Heckel C, Lührmann R, Rautmann G. 1994. EMBO J. 13:4105–12
  179. Tan RY, Chen L, Buettner JA, Hudson D, Frankel AD. 1993. Cell 73:1031–40
  180. Malim MH, Bohnlein S, Hauber J, Cullen BR. 1989. Cell 58:205–14
  181. Malim MH, McCarn DF, Tiley LS, Cullen BR. 1991. J. Virol. 65:4248–54
  182. Fischer U, Huber J, Boelens WC, Mattaj IW, Lührmann R. 1995. Cell 82:475–83
  183. Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Tsien RY, Taylor SS. 1995. Cell 82:463–73
  184. Nigg EA, Hilz H, Eppenberger HM, Dutly F. 1985. EMBO J. 4:2801–6
  185. Harootunian AT, Adams SR, Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Taylor SS, Tsien RY. 1993. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:993–1002
  186. Pines J, Hunter T. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:1–17
  187. Guddat U, Bakken AH, Pieler T. 1990. Cell 60:619–28
  188. Fridell RA, Fischer U, Lührmann R, Meyer BE, Meinkoth JL. et al. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2936–40
  189. Murphy R, Wente SR. 1996. Nature 383:357–60
  190. Del Priore V, Snay CA, Bahr A, Cole CN. 1996. Mol. Biol. Cell 7:1601–21
  191. Segref A, Sharma K, Doye V, Hellwig A, Huber J. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:3256–71
  192. Amberg DC, Goldstein AL, Cole CN. 1992. Genes Dev. 6:1173–89
  193. Kadowaki T, Zhao YM, Tartakoff AM. 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2312–16
  194. Kadowaki T, Chen S, Hitomi M, Jacobs E, Kumagai C. et al. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:649–59
  195. Nakielny S, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:420–29
  196. Piñol-Roma S, Dreyfuss G. 1991. Science 253:312–14
  197. Piñol-Roma S, Dreyfuss G. 1992. Nature 355:730–32
  198. Michael WM, Siomi H, Choi M, Piñol-Roma S, Nakielny S. et al. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:663–68
  199. Izaurralde E, Jarmolowski A, Beisel C, Mattaj IW, Dreyfuss G. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 137:27–35
  200. Matunis EL, Matunis MJ, Dreyfuss G. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 121:219–28
  201. Bennett M, Piñol-Roma S, Staknis D, Dreyfuss G, Reed R. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:3165–75
  202. Wilson SM, Datar KV, Paddy MR, Swedlow JR, Swanson MS. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1173–84
  203. Russell I, Tollervey D. 1995. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 66:293–301
  204. Flach J, Bossie M, Vogel J, Corbett A, Jinks T. et al. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:8399–407
  205. Singleton DR, Chen SP, Hitomi M, Kumagai C, Tartakoff AM. 1995. J. Cell Sci. 108:265–72
  206. Anderson JT, Wilson SM, Datar KV, Swanson MS. 1993. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:2730–41
  207. Henry M, Borland CZ, Bossie M, Silver PA. 1996. Genetics 142:103–15
  208. Lee MS, Henry M, Silver PA. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1233–46
  209. Bossie MA, DeHoratius C, Barcelo G, Silver P. 1992. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:875–93
  210. Powers MA, Douglass JF, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 136:241–50
  211. Cheng Y, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1995. Science 267:1807–10
  212. Simos G, Tekotte H, Grosjean H, Segref A, Sharma K. et al. 1996. EMBO J. 15:2270–84
  213. Hopper AK, Schultz LD. 1980. Cell 19:741–51
  214. Ohno M, Kataoka N, Shimura Y. 1990. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6989–95
  215. Izaurralde E, Lewis J, McGuigan C, Jankowska M, Darzynkiewicz E, Mattaj IW. 1994. Cell 78:657–68
  216. Izaurralde E, Lewis J, Gamberi C, Jarmolowski A, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1995. Nature 376:709–12
  217. Kataoka N, Ohno M, Kangawa K, Tokoro Y, Shimura Y. 1994. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:3861–65
  218. Kataoka N, Ohno M, Moda I, Shimura Y. 1995. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:3638–41
  219. Lewis JD, Izaurralde E, Jarmolowski A, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1683–98
  220. Flaherty SM, Fortes P, Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW, Gilmartin GM. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11893–98
  221. Görlich D, Kraft R, Kostka S, Vogel F, Hartmann E. et al. 1996. Cell 87:21–32
  222. Colot HV, Stutz F, Rosbash M. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1699–708
  223. Lewis JD, Görlich D, Mattaj IW. 1996. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:3332–36
  224. Xiao ZX, McGrew JT, Schroeder AJ, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1993. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:4691–702
  225. Brinkmann U, Brinkmann E, Gallo M, Pastan I. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10427–31
  226. Adachi Y, Yanagida M. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1195–207
  227. Kutay U, Bischoff FR, Kostka S, Kraft R, Görlich D. 1997. Cell 90:1061–71
  228. Fornerod M, Ohno M, Yoshida M, Mattaj IW. 1997. Cell 90:1051–60
  229. Fukuda M, Asano S, Nakamura T, Adachi M, Yoshida M. et al. 1997. Nature 390:308–11
  230. Stade K, Ford CS, Guthrie C, Weis K. 1997. Cell 90:1041–50
  231. Hamamoto T, Gunji S, Tsuji H, Beppu T. 1983. J. Antibiot. 36:639–45
  232. Nishi K, Yoshida M, Fujiwara D, Nishikawa M, Horinouchi S, Beppu T. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:6320–24
  233. Wolff B, Sanglier JJ, Wang Y. 1997. Chem. Biol. 4:139–47
  234. Kutay U, Izaurralde E, Bischoff FR, Mattaj IW, Görlich D. 1997. EMBO J. 16:1153–63
  235. Neville M, Lee L, Stutz F, Davis LI, Rosbash M. 1997. Curr. Biol. 7:767–75
  236. Ruhl M, Himmelspach M, Bahr GM, Hammerschmid F, Jaksche H. et al. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:1309–20
  237. Bevec D, Jaksche H, Oft M, Wöhl T, Himmelspach M. et al. 1996. Science 271:1858–60
  238. Stutz F, Neville M, Rosbash M. 1995. Cell 82:495–506
  239. Bogerd HP, Fridell RA, Madore S, Cullen BR. 1995. Cell 82:485–94
  240. Fritz CC, Zapp ML, Green MR. 1995. Nature 376:530–33
  241. Fornerod M, Boer J, van Baal S, Morreau H, Grosveld G. 1996. Oncogene 13:1801–8
  242. Seedorf M, Silver PA. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:8590–95
  243. Floer M, Blobel G, Rexach M. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:19538–46
  244. Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW. 1995. Cell 81:153–59
  245. Nishitani H, Ohtsubo M, Yamashita K, Iida H, Pines J. et al. 1991. EMBO J. 10:1555–64
  246. Tachibana T, Imamoto N, Seino H, Nishimoto T, Yoneda Y. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:24542–45
  247. Kadowaki T, Goldfarb D, Spitz LM, Tartakoff AM, Ohno M. 1993. EMBO J. 12:1929–37
  248. Her LS, Lund E, Dahlberg JE. 1997. Science 276:1845–48
  249. Izaurralde E, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:669–75
  250. Iovine MK, Wente SR. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 137:797–811
  251. Radu A, Moore MS, Blobel G. 1995. Cell 81:215–22
  252. Iovine MK, Watkins JL, Wente SR. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 131:1699–713
  253. Feldherr CM, Akin D. 1994. Int. Rev. Cytol. 151:183–228
  254. Feldherr CM, Akin D. 1993. Exp. Cell Res. 205:179–86
  255. Moll T, Tebb G, Surana U, Robitsch H, Nasmyth K. 1991. Cell 66:743–58
  256. Flanagan WM, Corthésy B, Bram RJ, Crabtree GR. 1991. Nature 352:803–7
  257. Beals CR, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Crabtree GR. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:824–34
  258. Timmerman LA, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Northrop JP, Crabtree GR. 1996. Nature 383:837–40
  259. Shibasaki F, Price ER, Milan D, McKeon F. 1996. Nature 382:370–73
  260. O'Neill EM, Kaffman A, Jolly ER, O'Shea EK. 1996. Science 271:209–12
  261. Zandi E, Tran TNT, Chamberlain W, Parker CS. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:1299–314
  262. Yamamoto KR. 1995. Harvey Lect. 91:1–19
  263. Shuai K, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JE Jr. 1993. Science 261:1744–46
  264. Shuai K, Horvath CM, Huang LHT, Qureshi SA, Cowburn D, Darnell JE Jr. 1994. Cell 76:821–28
  265. Henkel T, Zabel U, van Zee K, Muller JM, Fanning E, Baeuerle PA. 1992. Cell 68:1121–33
  266. Imbert V, Rupec RA, Livolsi A, Pahl HL, Traenckner EBM. et al. 1996. Cell 86:787–98
  267. Traenckner EBM, Pahl HL, Henkel T, Schmidt KN, Wilk S, Baeuerle PA. 1995. EMBO J. 14:2876–83
  268. Brown K, Gerstberger S, Carlson L, Franzoso G, Siebenlist U. 1995. Science 267:1485–88
  269. Traenckner EBM, Wilk S, Baeuerle PA. 1994. EMBO J. 13:5433–41
  270. Alkalay I, Yaron A, Hatzubai A, Orian A, Ciechanover A, Ben-Neriah Y. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10599–603
  271. Palombella VJ, Rando OJ, Goldberg AL, Maniatis T. 1994. Cell 78:773–85
  272. DiDonato JA, Hayakawa M, Rothwarf D, Zandi E, Karin M. 1997. Nature 388:548–54
  273. Krug RM. 1993. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:944–49
  274. Showman RM, Wells DE, Anstrom J, Hursh DA, Raff RA. 1982. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5944–47
  275. DeLeon DV, Cox KH, Angerer LM, Angerer RC. 1983. Dev. Biol. 100:197–206
  276. Saavedra CA, Hammell CM, Heath CV, Cole CN. 1997. Genes Dev. In press
  277. Tani T, Derby RJ, Hiraoka Y, Spector DL. 1995. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1515–34
  278. Corbett AH, Silver PA. 1997. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61:193–211
  279. Stutz F, Kantor J, Zhang D, McCarthy T, Neville M, Rosbash M. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:2857–68
  280. Davis I. 1997. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:99–97
  281. Bullock TL, Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Stewart M. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 260:422–31
  282. Scheffzek K, Klebe C, Fritz-Wolf K, Kabsch W, Wittinghofer A. 1995. Nature 374:378–81
  283. Makkerh JPS, Dingwall C, Laskey RA. 1996. Curr. Biol. 6:1025–27
  284. Schindler C, Shuai K, Prezioso VR, Darnell JE Jr. 1992. Science 257:809–13
  285. Rudt F, Pieler T. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1383–91
  286. Soullam B, Worman HJ. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:1093–100
  287. Soullam B, Worman HJ. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:15–27
  288. Li H, Bingham PM. 1991. Cell 67:335–42
  289. Duverger E, Pellerin-Mendes C, Mayer R, Roche AC, Monsigny M. 1995. Cell Sci. 108:1325–32
  290. Smith MR, Greene WC. 1992. Virology 187:316–20
  291. Hall MN, Hereford L, Herskowitz I. 1984. Cell 36:1057–65
  292. Hall MN, Craik C, Hiraoka Y. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6954–68
  293. Silver PA, Keegan LP, Ptashne M. 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5951–55
  294. Standiford DM, Richter JD. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:991–1002
  295. De la Luna S, Burden MJ, Lee CW, La Thangue NB. 1996. J. Cell Sci. 109:2443–52
  296. Booher RN, Alfa CE, Hyams JS, Beach DH. 1989. Cell 58:485–97
  297. Deane R, Schäfer W, Zimmermann HP, Mueller L, Görlich D. et al. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:5087–96
  298. Yaseen NR, Blobel G. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4451–56
  299. Meyer BE, Meinkoth JL, Malim MH. 1996. J. Virol. 70:2350–59
  300. Meier UT, Blobel G. 1992. Cell 70:127–38
  301. Kambach C, Mattaj IW. 1994. J. Cell Sci. 107:1807–16
  302. Romac JM, Graff DH, Keene JD. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:462–70
  303. Klein Gunnewiek JMT, van Aarssen Y, van der Kemp A, Nelissen R, Pruijn GJM, van Venrooij WJ. 1997. Exp. Cell Res. 235:265–73
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Introduction
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error